Bovine Epizootic Encephalomyelitis caused by Akabane Virus Infection in Korea

Oem, Jae‐Ku; Lee, K.H.; Kim, H.R.; Bae, You-Chan; Chung, Joon-Yee; Lee, O.S.; Roh, In-Soon

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.01.013

Cited by 31 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Isolates of AKAV can be classified into four genogroups (I-IV) based on their S RNA sequence, especially in cattle and hematophagous midges, as described previously [5,10,26]. AKAVs belonging to genogroup I have diverged into two subtypes that are referred as ''a'' and ''b''.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinical signs and manifestations of AKAV are similar to those found in aborted ruminants that are infected with other teratogenic viruses, for example, Schmallenberg virus (SBV), Aino virus, border disease virus or Cache Valley virus, which are collectively referred to as arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly (AH) syndrome [2][3][4]. AKAV is characterized predominantly by fetal damage, teratogenic deformities, stillbirth and abortion epidemics in pregnant ruminants; however, it has occasionally caused clinical infection in adolescent ruminants [5]. Infected animals may spread AKAV through hematophagous midges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…AKAV in ruminants results in endemic and sporadic disease in several countries, including Australia, Korea, Japan, Israel, Sudan, Taiwan and Turkey; however, it has only rarely caused epidemic outbreaks [5,[7][8][9][10][11][12]. Until recently, these outbreaks have predominantly been confined to Japan [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First molecular detection and characterization of Akabane virus in small ruminants in Turkey

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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First molecular detection and characterization of Akabane virus in small ruminants in Turkey

et al. 2015

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“…Long-term preservation of the viral population in susceptible vertebrates contributes to the rapid spread of the disease among wild and domestic animals in a favorable for mosquitoes climate period [13]. Akabane disease virus has been isolated from the animals in Japan [14,15], Israel [16], Korea [17][18][19], Australia [20], Turkey [21], Cyprus [22], Syria [23], Sudan [24], and Kenya [25]. The widespread, high contagiousness and economic losses are the reasons for which the study and control of this pathogen are necessary.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Permissivity of Lamb Synovial Membrane Cell Culture for Akabane Disease Virus

Balashova¹,

Baryshnickova²,

Lyska³

et al. 2016

S-h. biol.

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A b s t r a c t Presently, due to the variety and diversity of economic and tourist ties of Russia, episodes of accidental or maybe purposeful (i.e., biological terrorism) entry of exotic infectious pathogens including Akabane disease to the Russian Federation should not be excluded. Akabane disease is a viral transmissible infection. Its recurrent outbreaks are characterized by abortions, still or premature births, or malformations (e.g. arthrogryposis and/or hydrocephaly) for calves, lambs and kids. Akabane disease virus can persist both in animal body and in vitro (e.g., in continuous cell lines). A study of the sensitivity of African green monkey kidney cell line to Akabane virus carried out earlier showed that Akabane virus caused definite cytopathic changes resulting in cell rounding followed by cytolysis and detachment of the cell monolayer within 48 hours post infection. In this paper we first reported on the cytomorphological changes caused by Akabane virus in the primary lamb synovial membrane diploid cell culture (LSMCC) prepared according to an earlier developed procedure, and on a suitability of this culture for the virus accumulation in titers sufficient for study and making diagnosis. It has been formerly determined that the lamb synovial membrane cell culture is sensitive to small ruminant lentiviruses like caprine arthritis encephalitis virus or Visna-Maedi virus in sheep. LSMCC was prepared using a method for tissue explant culture. On day 4 post inoculation of the cell monolayer with Akabane virus the cytopathic effect appeared which manifested as formation of symplasts that grew larger due to their fusion on day 5 to 6. The Akabane virus activity was 6.0±0.05 lg TCID 50 /cm 3 for strain V8935, and 5.0±0.05 lg TCID 50 /cm 3 for strain P. As many as three passages and also the primary cell culture (after freezing) kept the virus-producing activity, and the Akabane virus retained its infective properties. The lamb synovial membrane cells can be re-cultured, and excessive diploid culture can be frozen to preserve and thawed as required. It is expedient to use a strain of diploid lamb synovial membrane cells deposited and patented earlier. One more advantage of the primary LSMCC as compared to monkey cell lines is that the latter ones may be a source of simian herpes B virus.

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“…Recently there are a number of reports on Akabane virus detection worldwide (11)(12)(13). Its genetic characteristics and pathogenesis are under consideration (14) with serological and immunological research conducted (15,16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of Akabane Virus Genome in Organs and Blood of Experimentally Infected Cavies

Nikitina¹,

Salnikov²,

Katorkin³

et al. 2014

S-h. biol.

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A b s t r a c tAkabane disease, a transmissible pathology of cattle, sheep and goats, is caused by Simbu serotype virus (Bunyaviridae) and results in significant economical losses due to abortions, unviable and abnormal calves, or dead embryos and calves born. The Akabane disease epizooties, characterized by geographic locations and the coincidence with definite seasons, are widely registered. For preparative accumulation of Akabane virus the 1-2 day mice are used as the most sensitive system for Bunyaviridae isolation. Earlier we reported the development of a test system for Akabane virus RNA indication by real time reverse transcription PCR. Its efficacy was approved using infected mice and cell cultures. Furthermore, it was of interest to estimate this test system with respect to more wide range of model animals to be involved in the study and reproduction of Akabane virus. In this investigation, healthy cavies (n = 20, the animal weight of 400 g) were infected with a concentrated viral culture (B8935 strain) of 7.0 lg TCID 50 /cm 3 . In blood the Akabane virus RNA was detected in four animals only 4 days after inoculation, but not shown in the rest probes, which were sampled from 2 to 6 days, and one cavy died a day after infection, probably due to nonspecific reaction as the Akabane virus genome was not detected in the post mortem tissue samples of all the organs of the animal tested. After 4 days the Akabane virus RNA was also indicated in brain, lung, kidney, hart and lymphatic gland. Thus, the developed test-system is effective for Akabane disease diagnosis, and the experimentally infected cavies can be the model animals used to study and produce Akabane virus preparations.

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Bovine Epizootic Encephalomyelitis caused by Akabane Virus Infection in Korea

Cited by 31 publications

References 18 publications

First molecular detection and characterization of Akabane virus in small ruminants in Turkey

First molecular detection and characterization of Akabane virus in small ruminants in Turkey

Permissivity of Lamb Synovial Membrane Cell Culture for Akabane Disease Virus

Detection of Akabane Virus Genome in Organs and Blood of Experimentally Infected Cavies

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