Bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) in cattle–a review with emphasis on reproductive impacts and the emergence of infection in Ireland and the United Kingdom

Abstract

Bovine reproductive disease attributable to bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) was first described in Germany in the 19th century, being recognised primarily as the cause of infectious vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis until the mid-1950s when a more virulent strain of the virus (BoHV-1.1) associated with respiratory disease (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis; IBR) emerged in the western United States. Subsequently, IBR emerged as a clinical condition in Europe, from the 1970s onward. While the ability of BoHV-1 to produce respiratory disease is now well recognised, the potential negative outcomes of infection on fertility and reproduction are less frequently considered. This review was conducted against the background of the prioritization of disease caused by BoHV-1 as one of several diseases to be addressed by Animal Health Ireland, with the twin goals of summarizing the published literature on the potential outcomes of infection at different stages of breeding and pregnancy, and of describing the emergence of BoHV-1 as a significant pathogen in Ireland and the UK.

Immune-serological identification of infectious agents with influence on bovine embryo transfer in the north of Brazil

“…In fact, eight of the animals aborted. This result is in agreement with the negative impact on fertility of BoHV-1 that causes pathogenic effects on the CL that depends on the stage of development (Graham 2013).…”

“…Several epidemiological studies have investigated the impact of BoHV-1 on reproductive performance in dairy and beef herds. Conception rates were higher in seronegative (38.98%) than in seropositive cows (33.33%) (Graham 2013). In another study with dairy herds comprising 9,637 animals in 65 seropositive and 38 seronegative herds, BoHV-1 was significantly related to reproductive performance with the highest risk of increased insemination index and abortions occurring in herds with a moderate seroprevalence (Raaperi et al 2012).…”

“…Reportedly, morula and blastocyst, hatched and freed in the pellucid zone, are more susceptible to bovine herpesvirus-1 (IBR) (Vanroose et al 1997, Graham 2013, and bovine viral diarrhea BVD virus (Vanroose et al 1998, Lanyon et al 2014. Therefore, in this study, the presence of an infectious agent as a cause for some of the losses can be inferred.…”

An outbreak of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in a herd vaccinated with a live glycoprotein E deleted (marker) bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV‐1) vaccine: lessons to be learned

“…Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), caused by bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), is a common pathogen involved in BRD in the UK (Graham 2013). Awareness of disease is relatively high within the industry, illustrated by a recent survey of UK beef and dairy herds where BoHV-1 vaccines were used in at least 45 per cent and 60 per cent of herds, respectively (Cresswell and others 2014).…”

Significant milestone for the Irish Veterinary Journal

“…Many articles have been highly accessed online including a demographic survey of unwanted horses in Ireland [6] as well as important reviews of IBR infection [7] and the use of bulk milk in the diagnosis of parasite infections [8]. We would like to thank all the authors who have contributed to the Irish Veterinary Journal and all of those colleagues who have provided invaluable editorial support and we look forward to increased numbers of manuscript submissions in the future.…”