Bovine Leukemia Virus DNA in Human Breast Tissue

Buehring, Gertrude Case; Shen, Hua; Jensen, Hanne M.; Choi, K. Yeon; Sun, Dejun; Nuovo, Gerard J.

doi:10.3201/eid2005.131298

Cited by 108 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[36][37][38] Further evidence for the possible transmission of BLV from cattle to humans was the detection of BLV sequences by PCR in 44% of breast tissues, and the most striking finding was BLVp24 expression detected by immunohistochemistry on the secretory epithelium of the mammary gland. 39 A subsequent case-control study showed BLV sequences in samples from breast cancer patients being at a level twice that in normal breast tissue sections, concluding that the presence of BLV in breast tissues was associated with breast cancer. 40 Although the precedent cited studies suggested an association between BLV and breast cancer, the evidence is still controversial.…”

Section: Juliarena Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine leukemia virus: current perspectives

Juliarena¹,

Barrios²,

Lützelschwab³

et al. 2017

VAAT

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Enzootic bovine leukosis, caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV), is the most common neoplasm of dairy cattle. Although beef and dairy cattle are susceptible to BLV infection and BLV-associated lymphosarcoma, the disease is more commonly detected in dairy herds, mostly because of the management practices in dairy farms. The pathogenicity of BLV in its natural host, the bovine, depends mainly on the resistance/susceptibility genetics of the animal. The majority of infected cattle are asymptomatic, promoting the extremely high dissemination rate of BLV in many bovine populations. The important productive losses caused by the BLV, added to the health risk of maintaining populations with a high prevalence of infection with a retrovirus, generates the need to implement control measures. Different strategies to control the virus have been attempted. The most effective approach is to identify and cull the totality of infected cattle in the herd. However, this approach is not suitable for herds with high prevalence of infection. At present, no treatment or vaccine has proven effective for the control of BLV. Thus far, the genetic selection of resistant animals emerges as a natural strategy for the containment of the BLV dissemination. In natural conditions, most of the infected, resistant cattle can control the infection, and therefore do not pass the virus to other animals, gradually decreasing the prevalence of the herd.

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Section: Juliarena Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine leukemia virus: current perspectives

Juliarena¹,

Barrios²,

Lützelschwab³

et al. 2017

VAAT

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show abstract

“…Parameter 1 -Report of zoonotic human cases (anywhere) BLV genome sequences have been found in breast cancer tissue, but no evidence has indicated an aetiological role of BLV in human disease (Buehring et al, 2001(Buehring et al, , 2014(Buehring et al, , 2015Baltzell et al, 2009). …”

Section: Presencementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL)

More¹,

Bøtner²,

Butterworth

et al. 2017

EFS2

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Enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL) has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on the eligibility of EBL to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation of EBL according to disease prevention and control rules as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species related to EBL. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection and compilation, expert judgement on each criterion at individual and, if no consensus was reached before, also at collective level. The output is composed of the categorical answer, and for the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. Details on the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. According to the assessment performed, it is inconclusive whether EBL can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL because there was no full consensus on the criteria 5 B(i) and 5 B(iii). Consequently, since it is inconclusive whether EBL can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL, then the assessment on compliance of EBL with the criteria as in Sections 4 and 5 of Annex IV to the AHL, for the application of the disease prevention and control rules referred to in points (d) and (e) of Article 9(1), and which animal species can be considered to be listed for EBL according to Article 8(3) of the AHL is also inconclusive.

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“…BLV has been known and studied as an infectious agent in cattle; however, there are reports of this virus in humans [6,7,9] even though the mechanism by which the virus has reached such host has still not been clarified. Buehring et al [15,23] highlighted three main hypotheses for the viral entry to humans.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCR tests were done using Roche PCR master mix with specific primers (0·8 pmol/μl) for the aforementioned genes. Both bovine GAPDH and gag primers were previously reported by Buehring et al [6]. An 857 bp fragment was amplified for the bovine GAPDH gene and a 385 bp fragment for gag.…”

Section: Pcr Amplification: Multiplex and Nested Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bovine leukaemia virus DNA in fresh milk and raw beef for human consumption

et al. 2017

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SUMMARYBovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leucosis, which has been reported worldwide. BLV has been found recently in human tissue and it could have a significant impact on human health. A possible hypothesis regarding viral entry to humans is through the consumption of infected foodstuffs. This study was aimed at detecting the presence of BLV DNA in raw beef and fresh milk for human consumption. Nested PCR directed at the BLV gag gene (272 bp) was used as a diagnostic test. PCR products were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Forty-nine per cent of the samples proved positive for the presence of proviral DNA. This is the first study highlighting the presence of the BLV gag gene in meat products for human consumption and confirms the presence of the viral DNA in raw milk, as in previous reports. The presence of viral DNA in food products could suggest that viral particles may also be found. Further studies are needed to confirm the presence of infected viral particles, even though the present findings could represent a first approach to BLV transmission to humans through foodstuff consumption.

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Bovine Leukemia Virus DNA in Human Breast Tissue

Cited by 108 publications

References 23 publications

Bovine leukemia virus: current perspectives

Bovine leukemia virus: current perspectives

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL)

Bovine leukaemia virus DNA in fresh milk and raw beef for human consumption

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