Bovine leukemia virus linked to breast cancer but not coinfection with human papillomavirus: Case‐control study of women in Texas

Baltzell, Kimberly; Shen, Hua; Krishnamurthy, Savitri; Sison, Jennette D.; Nuovo, Gerard J.; Buehring, Gertrude Case

doi:10.1002/cncr.31169

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This problem was remedied by the advent of PCR and DNA sequencing which allowed researchers to detect viral DNA, a more definitive marker of BLV presence. During the past five years several studies on BLV in breast tissues have been performed [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Their results are summarized in Table 1 below.…”

Section: Summary Of Research On Relationship Of Blv Infection To Breamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specificity values are all numerical estimates of any similarity being by chance and therefore can be easily compared. The first five studies in Table 1 all used the same primers, which had a close relationship to BLV sequences and an extremely low relationship to the human genome [7][8][9][10][11]. As an additional guarantee of specificity for BLV, these same primers were tested on cell lines infected with other retroviruses closely related to BLV, and also with proven cancer viruses, to make sure there was no positive reaction.…”

Section: Summary Of Research On Relationship Of Blv Infection To Breamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breast Cancer Gone Viral? Review of Possible Role of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Breast Cancer, and Related Opportunities for Cancer Prevention

Buehring

Sans

2019

IJERPH

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This article is a literature review of research that explored the association of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in humans with breast cancer. It summarizes and evaluates these publications. This review does not provide absolute proof that BLV is a cause of breast cancer, but, based on well-respected epidemiologic criteria for causation, it does suggest that BLV infection could be a breast cancer risk factor. Any expansion of the current understanding of breast cancer risk factors may increase possibilities to implement primary prevention strategies. The environmental role that BLV-infected cattle may play as a reservoir for infectious BLV offers possibilities for reducing or eliminating potential transmission of BLV from cattle to humans, and/or eliminating the reservoir.

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Section: Summary Of Research On Relationship Of Blv Infection To Breamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary Of Research On Relationship Of Blv Infection To Breamentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer Gone Viral? Review of Possible Role of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Breast Cancer, and Related Opportunities for Cancer Prevention

Buehring

Sans

2019

IJERPH

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“…In the breast cancer patients BLV DNA in mammary is found in 59%, comparing to normal women having 29% with the significant p-value [20,29]. Another study brought even greater presence of BLV in breast cancer patients [30,31]. It worth to note that Gillet and Willems demonstrated absence of BLV DNA in breast cancer patient's DNA.…”

Section: Viral Proteins As Factors Affecting Specific Cancer Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…It worth to note that Gillet and Willems demonstrated absence of BLV DNA in breast cancer patient's DNA. HTLV-1 virus also had been found in the other type of cells in different nonhematological cancers [32]: (i) Endometrial adenocarcinoma in rabbits [33], (ii) Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic HCV infection [34], (iii) Non-small cell lung cancer [35], (iv) Small cell lung cancer [36], (v) HTLV-1 is isolated from immortalized epithelial cells [31], and primary oral keratinocytes [37]. Also, it was shown that HTLV-1 increases risk of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma [38].…”

Section: Viral Proteins As Factors Affecting Specific Cancer Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

HTLV-1 can be involved in acceleration of different nonhematological cancers

Vl¹,

CHEN²,

If³

2019

J Cancer Res Ther.

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In the past two decades it has been found that viral proteins might contribute to activation of numerous pathways involved in different types of cancer. Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), well known as a cause of T-cell leukemia, was found in patients having different types of cancers. Initiation and development of cancers is usually a multi-year multistep process that starts with initiation of the first somatic mutation and the then the next set of steps with the occurrence of an increasing number of somatic mutations with specific times for each one. Here we suggest a hypothesis: If HTLV-1 virus can infect the nonhematological cell, its viral proteins can work as the agents activating the general cancer-related pathways. This way Tax HTLV-1 protein (and/or other viral proteins) can serve in the similar way as the somatic mutation of specified genes and the presence of Tax can affect the functionality of several pathways that are not yet activated by the timeline of the stages of a "normal" cancer development. For example, the pathways PI3K, p53, TGF-β can be correspondingly be activated and inhibited by Tax before their functional change would appear by the timeline of a "normal" cancer development. The HTLV-1 infection-related KEGG pathway was found when the sets of the most frequently mutated genes for several cancers were analyzed by the DAVID program (that selects the most probable pathways for a set of selected genes). These findings support the hypotheses that HTLV-1 infection can be a common factor in the development of very different cancers, thus warranting further exploration.

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“…Moreover, they assessed HPV presence in these samples. Their conclusion was that there is no association of oncogenic strains of HPV with either breast cancer development or with BLV presence [51].…”

Section: Could Blv Infect Humans?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Can Bovine Leukemia Virus Be Related to Human Breast Cancer? A Review of the Evidence

Cuesta

Lendez

Farías

et al. 2018

J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia

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The incidence of breast cancer is continuously increasing worldwide, as influenced by many factors that act synergistically. In the last decade there was an increasing interest in the possible viral etiology of human breast cancer. Since then, many viruses have been associated with this disease (murine mammary tumor virus, MMTV; Epstein-Barr virus, EBV; and human papillomavirus, HPV). Recently, BLV has been identified in human breast cancers giving rise to the hypothesis that it could be one of the causative agents of this condition. BLV is a retrovirus distributed worldwide that affects cattle, causing lymphosarcoma in a small proportion of infected animals. Because of its similarity with human retroviruses like HTLV and HIV, BLV was assumed to also be involved in tumor emergence. Based on this assumption, studies were focused on the possible role of BLV in human breast cancer development. We present a compilation of the current knowledge on the subject and some prospective analysis that is required to fully end this controversy.

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Bovine leukemia virus linked to breast cancer but not coinfection with human papillomavirus: Case‐control study of women in Texas

Cited by 43 publications

References 20 publications

Breast Cancer Gone Viral? Review of Possible Role of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Breast Cancer, and Related Opportunities for Cancer Prevention

Breast Cancer Gone Viral? Review of Possible Role of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Breast Cancer, and Related Opportunities for Cancer Prevention

HTLV-1 can be involved in acceleration of different nonhematological cancers

Can Bovine Leukemia Virus Be Related to Human Breast Cancer? A Review of the Evidence

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