Bovine pericardium membrane as new tool for mesenchymal stem cells commitment

Abstract

Acellular matrices are widespread biomaterials used in surgical practice as tissue reinforcement and anatomical support to favor tissue regeneration. It is clear that a fundamental role in the regeneration of tissue is played by cell–material interaction. In this work, the interaction between a bovine pericardium membrane and human adult stem cells was investigated by microscopy analysis and gene expression analysis. Parallel cell cultures were prepared on the pericardium membrane or tissue culture plate. They were incubated in basal growth medium or in adipogenic differentiation medium to perform experiments on the seventh and the 14th day of culture. Results demonstrated that the membrane allows cell viability, adhesion, and proliferation of human stem cells. During adipogenic commitment on the membrane, the accumulation of cytoplasmatic lipid droplets and the expression of adipogenic gene PPARG, CEBPA, GLUT4, FABP4, and ADIPOQ were detected. Concurrently, a downregulation of mesenchymal stem cell gene CD29, CD90, and CD105 was detected. In basal medium, the adipogenic gene expression was upregulated, whereas the mesenchymal markers were indifferently expressed. These findings suggest that the bovine pericardium membrane is a biocompatible matrix and that their rough surface allows cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation. The surface morphology activates mechanochemical signals that stimulate the adipogenic commitment of stem cells in basal medium and potentiate their commitment in adipogenic differentiation medium.

In vitro evaluation of crosslinked bovine pericardium as potential scaffold for the oral cavity

“…Moreover, GC-BP promoted an increase in cell viability in comparison to n-BP at 24 h of exposure with the scaffolds, which suggests that decellularization and GA crosslinking stimulate the cell activity. This finding is in agreement with works by Ferroni and Heuschkel [25,55] who demonstrated that decellularization of BP increases 70% the cell viability of human adipocytes stem cells versus native BP at 72 h. In addition live-dead assay showed that GC-BP promoted cell survival, as it was possible to observe a greater number of viable DPMSCs on the surface of GC-BP scaffold than that displayed on the n-BP scaffold. Since these dental cells have been shown to participate in tissue regeneration processes, and they can be stimulated to differentiate into osteoblasts, then the scaffold has the potential for application in guided bone regeneration.…”

“…In vitro characterization of n-BP and GC-BP in contact with DPSCs showed that the scaffolds have the ability to promote cell adhesion and cell viability greater than 70%; therefore, both scaffolds can be considered as biocompatible scaffolds in according ISO 10993-5 standard [54]. These results are in agreement with the work of Ferroni et al, who demonstrated that the treatment of BP with GA promoted cell adhesion [55]. Ahmadpour et al observed the opposite behavior when 1% of GA was used to crosslink BP [14], however, in the present work 0.5% of GA was used.…”

In Vitro Model for the Evaluation of Innovative Transcatheter Debridement Device (TDD): Pericardium-Based Scaffold and Stem Cells to Reproduce Calcificated Valves

“…Moreover, MSCs are considered a useful tool for tissue regeneration as they can release growth factors and vesicles [ 34 ]. Meanwhile, bovine pericardium membrane is widely used for tissue scaffolding [ 35 , 36 ] and the fabrication of artificial heart valves [ 37 ]. The current results demonstrated that the MSCs were rightly osteogenic committed and, after the treatment, cell viability was not affected.…”

Pilot study on cardiogenic differentiation capability of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells

“…Up to date, a little is known about the multipotent properties of pericardial MSCs. Most of the reported studies are focused on the hydrogel embedded implantation of a new form of adult cardiac stem cells, as called cardiospheres (CSPs), into the pericardial cavity (16,34) or using the de-cellularized pericardium membrane as a scaffold for MSCs culturing (10,14). The CSPs is a new approach of stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction treatment, using the ability of those cells to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vivo (34).…”