Bovine respiratory syncytial virus replicates minimally in bovine alveolar macrophages

Schrijver, R.S.; Kramps, J. A.; Middel, W.G.J.; Langedijk, J.P.M.; Oirschot, J.T. van

doi:10.1007/bf01322681

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In this experiment, a positive IHS signal for BRSV in alveolar macrophages could not be established. 36 These results agree with previous reports 33 suggesting that in vitro bovine alveolar macrophages (BAMs) exhibit a high intrinsic resistance for infection with BRSV and that bovine alveolar macrophages do not appear to be important for replication of BRSV. However, large numbers of BAMs may harbor virus antigen, even for several days, that may influence the function of these cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

In Situ Hybridization Detection of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the Lung of Experimentally Infected Lambs

et al. 2000

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We studied the distribution of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) RNA in lungs of experimentally inoculated lambs by in situ hybridization at different times postinoculation. The probe used for in situ hybridization was prepared by reverse transcription of BRSV RNA, followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the cDNA. Twenty-five Merino lambs of both sexes with a live weight of 17 +/- 3 kg received an intratracheal inoculation of 20 ml saline solution containing 1.26 X 10(6) TCID50 BRSV (strain NMK7)/ml. Lambs were slaughtered 1, 3, 7, 11, and 15 days postinoculation (PID). Bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells were positive for BRSV nucleic acid by ISH at 1, 3, 7, and 11 PID. However, alveolar epithelial cells contained positive cells at 1, 3, and 7 PID. Cells containing viral RNA were detected from 1 to 11 PID in exudate within bronchial and bronchiolar lumina and from 3 to 7 PID in alveolar exudates. Positive hybridization signals were identified in interstitial mononuclear cells and in bronchi-associated lymphoid tissue from 3 to 11 PID. Mononuclear cells were located in peribronchiolar tissue and interalveolar septa. The highest signal intensity in positive cells was observed at 3 and 7 PID, coinciding with the most important histopathological findings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

In Situ Hybridization Detection of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the Lung of Experimentally Infected Lambs

et al. 2000

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“…Instead we found that the large BRSV-replicating cells in the alveoli were alveolar type II epithelial cells. Thus, although we cannot rule out that a small subpopulation of alveolar macrophages can replicate BRSV as described by in vitro studies, 28 the epithelial cells are by far more important for virus replication. Furthermore, our results indicate that the alveolar macrophages only play a minor role in phagocytizing BRSV, whereas they seemed to be important for phagocytizing neutrophils in the process of repair (PID 15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Replication and Clearance of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Viuff

Tjørnehøj²,

Larsen³

et al. 2002

The American Journal of Pathology

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Human respiratory syncytial virus is an important cause of severe respiratory disease in young children, the elderly, and in immunocompromised adults. Similarly, bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is causing severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory disease in calves. Both viruses are pneumovirus and the infections with human respiratory syncytial virus and BRSV have similar clinical, pathological, and epidemiological characteristics. In this study we used experimental BRSV infection in calves as a model of respiratory syncytial virus infection to demonstrate important aspects of viral replication and clearance in a natural target animal. Replication of BRSV was demonstrated in the luminal part of the respiratory epithelial cells and replication in the upper respiratory tract preceded the replication in the lower respiratory tract. Virus excreted to the lumen of the respiratory tract was cleared by neutrophils whereas apoptosis was an important way of clearance of BRSV-infected epithelial cells. Neighboring cells, which probably were epithelial cells, phagocytized the BRSV-infected apoptotic cells. The number of both CD4(+) and CD8+ T cells increased during the course of infection, but the T cells were not found between the epithelial cells of the bronchi up until apoptosis was no longer detected, thus in the bronchi there was no indication of direct contact-dependent T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the primary infection.

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“…It has been reported that bovine respiratory syncytial virus and human respiratory syncytial virus additionally possess the ability to replicate in leukocytes, such as monocytes and alveolar macrophages (Panuska et al, 1990;Midulla et al, 1993;Schrijver et al, 1995;Sharma & Woldehiwet, 1996). In vitro experiments of Goris et al (2009) in primary bovine lung organ cultures demonstrated that bovine respiratory syncytial virus initially replicates in subepithelial cells, possibly dendritic cells, whereas the respiratory epithelium was infected only at high inoculation titres.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on the protective role of passively transferred antibodies against avian metapneumovirus infection in turkeys

Rubbenstroth

Rautenschlein

2009

Avian Pathology

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The avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is the causative agent of an acute respiratory disease in turkeys, which causes considerable economic losses to the poultry industry. Currently attenuated live and inactivated vaccines are widely used to control the disease, but vaccine breaks are frequently observed. For improvement of current vaccination strategies it is necessary to gain enhanced knowledge of the immune mechanisms against aMPV infection. Field observations suggest that vaccine-induced aMPV-specific antibodies are not indicative for protection. In the present study we investigated the role of antibodies in protection of turkeys against aMPV. In two experiments, commercial turkey poults received aMPV-specific antibodies by intravenous injection. The antibody transfer resulted in increased antibody levels in the sera. Virus-specific antibodies were also detected on mucosal surfaces such as the trachea, conjunctivae and gall bladder. Turkeys were subsequently challenged with a virulent aMPV subtype A strain. Development of clinical signs, virus detection by polymerase chain reaction and histopathological changes of tracheal mucosa in challenged turkeys with and without passively transferred antibodies were comparable with each other. Our results suggest that humoral immunity does not provide sufficient protection against aMPV infection. Thus, the measurement of vaccineinduced aMPV antibody response may not be considered as an adequate indicator of vaccine efficacy. Further research on the protective role of cell-mediated immune mechanisms is necessary to improve current vaccine strategies.

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Bovine respiratory syncytial virus replicates minimally in bovine alveolar macrophages

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

In Situ Hybridization Detection of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the Lung of Experimentally Infected Lambs

In Situ Hybridization Detection of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the Lung of Experimentally Infected Lambs

Replication and Clearance of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Investigations on the protective role of passively transferred antibodies against avian metapneumovirus infection in turkeys

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