Bovine TB and the development of new vaccines

Hope, Jayne; Villarreal‐Ramos, Bernardo

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2007.07.003

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…7) In developing countries with no active bovine TB control programmes, a serious threat to human health is posed. 8) More than 94% of the world's population occurs in countries with no strategies in place to control M. bovis infections. 9) In terms of public health, as well as economics, bovine TB control or eradication programmes should be a major target of affected countries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Purified Compounds and Extracts from Euclea Species with Antimycobacterial Activity against Mycobacterium bovis and Fast-Growing Mycobacteria

McGaw

Lall

Hlokwe

et al. 2008

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Tuberculosis (TB) in humans, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a chronic infectious disease, with approximately one-third of the world's population estimated by the WHO to be infected. 1) In 2003, 1.7 million people died of TB and of these, 99% of cases were reported in developing countries.1) Other organisms belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex include M. bovis, M. africanum and M. microti.Bovine TB (causal organism Mycobacterium bovis) is an important zoonotic disease that can spread to humans by inhalation of infectious droplet nuclei and by ingestion of milk which has not been pasteurized or boiled.2) People regularly exposed to either livestock infected with bovine TB or infected products, such as poorly heat-treated meat and unpasteurised milk, should be considered at risk of contracting zoonotic infections. 3,4) This risk increases considerably in HIV-infected individuals.5) The occurrence of M. bovis disease by reactivation or primary infection in HIV-infected patients, and the transmission from patients with infectious pulmonary M. bovis disease to immune-competent individuals is a health concern.2)In developed countries, the prevalence of bovine TB has been significantly reduced by control (test and slaughter) programmes, but complete eradication of the disease is made difficult by reservoirs in wildlife. In the developing world, the combination of the HIV epidemic, poor living conditions and a high burden of tuberculosis in animals is a significant obstacle to control of M. bovis in several African countries.2)The zoonotic effects of M. bovis, especially with regard to immunocompromised individuals, have not been comprehensively studied and it is anticipated that this may be an increasingly serious problem, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Underdiagnosis of M. bovis infection is potentially widespread, as many laboratories do not use the specialized diagnostic techniques required to distinguish between the genetically similar M. bovis and M. tuberculosis.3,6) M. bovis is believed to account for up to 10% of cases of human TB worldwide.7) In developing countries with no active bovine TB control programmes, a serious threat to human health is posed.8) More than 94% of the world's population occurs in countries with no strategies in place to control M. bovis infections.9) In terms of public health, as well as economics, bovine TB control or eradication programmes should be a major target of affected countries. 10)With the rising incidence of drug resistance to existing TB drugs, as demonstrated by the occurrence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of M. tuberculosis and the recent outbreak in South Africa of extreme drug resistant TB (XDR-TB), 11) the search for new anti-TB drug leads is achieving new urgency. Although MDR strains of M. bovis have been identified, case reports show that anti-TB drugs routinely used to treat M. tuberculosis-infected patients are effective when properly administered.2) It is, however, likely that resistance to currently used drugs will develop if the incide...

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confidence: 99%

Purified Compounds and Extracts from Euclea Species with Antimycobacterial Activity against Mycobacterium bovis and Fast-Growing Mycobacteria

McGaw

Lall

Hlokwe

et al. 2008

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…One potential control strategy is vaccination: numerous studies have been performed to generate, validate, and test the potential efficacy of TB vaccines (1,21,32). The live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been shown to have variable efficacy against TB in humans and cattle (6,14).…”

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Identification of Surrogates and Correlates of Protection in Protective Immunity againstMycobacterium bovisInfection Induced in Neonatal Calves by Vaccination withM. bovisBCG Pasteur andM. bovisBCG Danish

Hope

Thom

McAulay

et al. 2011

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…Some of the similar diseases with zoonotic tuberculosis in these regions of the world include the African trypanosomiasis, chronic contagious bovine pleuro-pneumonia (CBPP) or chronic multiparasitism, that shows signs of emaciation, loss of appetite, chronic cough and other signs of pneumonia challenging to differentiate from bovine tuberculosis. [17][18][19].…”

Section: Zoonotic Tb In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterium bovis and its Significance: Role for Control of Zoonotic Tuberculosis in Africa

Getahun¹

2017

J Med Diagn Meth

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Mycobacterium bovis is the main causal agent of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) that causes zoonotic tuberculosis (TB) in humans, even though M. caprae; contribute to a lesser extent, which is mostly acquired from domestic animals and their products, in which cattle are the major reservoir. This review paper discussed the importance of zoonotic tuberculosis in Africa and highlighted the uses of molecular methods in diagnosis, control and prevention of zoonotic tuberculosis. Despite the fact, there are various diagnostic methods available nowadays; the molecular techniques are proving more rapid and plausible sensitivity and specificity results that increase the diagnosis precision. In addition, molecular diagnostic methods used to indicate the epidemiological status of different strain distribution with regard to cluster distribution and reactivation of dormant or treated cases of tuberculosis indicating the drug resistance situation of the strain. Hence, applying molecular techniques for diagnosis of zoonotic tuberculosis in developing countries will help in decreasing the incidence, prevalence, mortality, morbidity and loss of economic due to carcass condemnation, milk drop and livestock trade banning in the continent. Advanced molecular methods truly play a key role in prevention and control program of tuberculosis in general and bovine tuberculosis in specific, which leads to the cooperation of various disciplines. Introducing cost effective and easy molecular diagnostic methods is recommended, implementing molecular diagnostic methods in research areas and intensive training of personnel in the use of equipment.

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Bovine TB and the development of new vaccines

Cited by 37 publications

References 138 publications

Purified Compounds and Extracts from Euclea Species with Antimycobacterial Activity against Mycobacterium bovis and Fast-Growing Mycobacteria

Purified Compounds and Extracts from Euclea Species with Antimycobacterial Activity against Mycobacterium bovis and Fast-Growing Mycobacteria

Identification of Surrogates and Correlates of Protection in Protective Immunity againstMycobacterium bovisInfection Induced in Neonatal Calves by Vaccination withM. bovisBCG Pasteur andM. bovisBCG Danish

Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterium bovis and its Significance: Role for Control of Zoonotic Tuberculosis in Africa

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