Bovine trypanosomosis and vector density in Omo-Ghibe tsetse belt, South Ethiopia

Abebe, Rahmeto; Gute, Solomon; Simon, Ijigu

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.016

Cited by 27 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Indeed, the body condition of infected animals affected by the level of protein intake. Black coat colour animals more affected by trypanosomosis than the other colour considered in this study as also reported by Sheferaw et al (2016) and Abebe et al (2017). As described by Leak (1999) black materials are attracting Glossina species; and this may increase the chance of black coat coloured animals to be bitten by the flies and facilitate the transmission of trypanosoma.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Seasonal prevalence of trypanosomosis, Glossina density and infection along the escarpment of Omo River, Loma district, southern Ethiopia

Eyasu¹,

Mekuria

Sheferaw

2021

Heliyon

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Background The temporal information of trypanosomosis and tsetse apparent density is very limited in the southern part of the country. So, the study was conducted to estimate the temporal, dry and wet seasons, prevalence of cattle trypanosomosis, and tsetse fly apparent density and its infection by trypanosome along the escarpment of Omo River, Loma district, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A total of 964 cattle (482 in each seasons) were examined for trypanosomosis using buffy coat technique. For Glossina and biting flies study a total of 80 odor-baited, acetone and aged cow urine, NGU traps were deployed around the watering and grazing areas. Results The overall prevalence of cattle trypanosomosis was 4.98% of which 3.1% and 6.8% accounted to dry and wet seasons, respectively. The prevalence of trypanosomosis was significantly higher during wet season (OR = 1.93, P < 0.05), in poor body condition (OR = 3.71, P < 0.05) and in black coat colour (OR = 13.18, P < 0.05) animals. Two species of Trypanosome, T . congolense and T . vivax , were circulating in the area both in dry and wet seasons. A total of 327 Glossina (126 G . pallidipes and 201 G . fuscipes ) were traped by using odour baited 80 NGU traps. The overall apparent density of Glossina was 4.1 Flies/Trap/Day. Relatively higher Glossina/Trap/Day caught in wet season (4.9 Flies/Trap/Day) than dry season (3.3 Flies/Trap/Day). Two species of Glossina namely G . pallidipes and G . fuscipes were distributed in the study areas. From the flies caught 127 Glossina were randomly selected and dissected. The overall proportion of Glossina infection was 15% with higher proportion of infection in wet season (19.6%) than the dry season (11.3%). Higher infection proportion was observed in G . pallidipes . Conclusion Trypansomosis is the major challenge for cattle productivity in the district. So to reduce the impact trypanosomosis and Glossina active community participation can play a key role.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Seasonal prevalence of trypanosomosis, Glossina density and infection along the escarpment of Omo River, Loma district, southern Ethiopia

Eyasu¹,

Mekuria

Sheferaw

2021

Heliyon

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“…Trypanosomosis was ranked as the most important livestock disease in the area. Recent studies conducted in Dawro zone [8,9] have also indicated that trypanosomosis is a major problem in the study area. Similar fi ndings have also been documented by other studies [18,19] in trypanosomosis infected region of Kenya and Tanzania, respectively.…”

Section: Knowledge Perception and Practices Of The Community On Animmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Triangulation process on 50 cattle clinically suspected of trypanosomosis by focus group discussants has shown 12% (6/50) of the animals were positive for trypanosomosis using the buffy coat technique which were confi rmed by Giemsa (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) 13 (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) Livestock population 7 (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) 23 (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) 13 (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) 17 (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) Forest covered area 17 (16)(17)(18)(19)(20) 13 (10)(11)(12)(13)(14) 15 (14)(15)(16) 15 (14)…”

Section: Knowledge Perception and Practices Of The Community On Animmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human activity due to dam construction has changed the natural fauna and fl ora and consequently human settlement and livestock distribution both in areas surrounding the dam and along the banks of the Omo River on which the dam was constructed. The area is also known to have animal trypanosomosis [7][8][9] since long time. The distribution of this disease is expected to change with the negative or positive changes in the tsetse vector distribution as a result of the change in the ecology of the area which is caused by the presence of the dam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of Gibe III hydroelectric dam on the situation of livestock diseases with particular emphasis on bovine trypanosomosis in Southern Ethiopia

Mekuria¹,

Ashenafi²,

Kebede³

et al. 2020

Int J Vet Sci Res

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This study was initiated to explore the impact of Gibe III dam on the situation of livestock diseases with emphasis on trypanosomosis in upstream and downstream districts. Focus group discussions with 15 groups each with 6-20 members were conducted using participatory research approach. Data were collected through simple ranking, proportional piling and matrix scoring. Level of agreement among groups analyzed was determined by Kendell's coeffi cient concordance (W). Proportional piling revealed that bovine trypanosomosis ranked fi rst followed by blackleg and anthrax. Study participants identifi ed livestock diseases by name and described the most salient features of each disease. Community perception on clinical signs, disease transmission, seasonality, of tsetse vectors, socioeconomic impacts, control methods commonly of trypanosomosis was in a good agreement (W > 0.38***; p<0.001). Livestock disease outbreaks and the challenge from tsetse and trypanosomosis were perceived signifi cantly reduced after dam construction in the upstream villages whereas dam construction and the artifi cial lake created thereof had little impact on the situation of trypanosomosis and the tsetse population in the downstream villages along the Omo river. Therefore, any tsetse and trypanosomosis control program should take into account the basic differences in the two sites and accordingly provide customized services.

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“…The occurrence of trypanosomosis in the region was attributed to the existence of cyclical vectors, G. pallidipes and G. f. fuscipes. However, G. pallidipes was the predominant and most widely distributed vector (Abebe et al, 2017). Control of tsetse has been successfully attempted in some African countries, but reinvasion is frequent if the land is not properly utilized.…”

Section: Vector Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in Ethiopia

Oyda¹,

Hailu²

2018

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Ethiopia is one of African country with nine regions and two city administration of which five regions were infected with more than one species of tsetse flies. Known species in Ethiopia are five in number namely Glossina pallidipes, G .morsitans, G. fuscipes, G. tachinoides and G. longipennis. Most tsetse transmission is cyclic and begins when blood from a trypanosome-infected animal is ingested by the fly. The clinical feature of the disease follows the level or burdens of tsetse challenge species. The main feature is anemia results in a progressive drop in packed cell volume, a non-specific but useful indicator in endemic areas. The most sensitive rapid method is examining a wet mount of the buffy coat area of a PCV tube after centrifugation, looking for motile parasites. The prevalence of trypanosomosis in enzootic area can be reduced by parasite control, vector control, host resistance protection prophylactic treatment and good husbandry management system. The methods of tsetse fly control involved bush clearing, elimination of game animals on which tsetse feed, and the sterile male technique (sterile insect techniques). Since female tsetse only mates once in a lifetime, this technique is theoretically able to eradicate a targeted tsetse species. Trypanotolerant animals are very important in tsetse fly challenging areas, but most countries did not accept them due to their low production of milk than indigenous breed. In conclusion, prevalence of trypanosomosis is devastating diseases of cattle in Ethiopia with both direct and indirect economic losses.

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Bovine trypanosomosis and vector density in Omo-Ghibe tsetse belt, South Ethiopia

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

Seasonal prevalence of trypanosomosis, Glossina density and infection along the escarpment of Omo River, Loma district, southern Ethiopia

Seasonal prevalence of trypanosomosis, Glossina density and infection along the escarpment of Omo River, Loma district, southern Ethiopia

The impact of Gibe III hydroelectric dam on the situation of livestock diseases with particular emphasis on bovine trypanosomosis in Southern Ethiopia

Review on prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in Ethiopia

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