Bovine tuberculosis in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a known endemic disease of cattle in Ethiopia; however, there is lack of a comprehensive information on the status and distribution of the disease in the country. The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to provide a pooled prevalence estimate of bTB at a national level, assess the level of in-between variance among study reports and illustrate the spatial distribution pattern in the country. Articles published on bTB from January 2000 to December, 2016 in English language were included in the review. Pubmed, CAB direct, AJOL and Web of Science were the databases used in electronic search. A total of 127 articles were retrieved from online sources, of which 56 articles were selected for data extraction based on the specified inclusion criteria. From these selected published articles, 114 animal level data were extracted for quantitative analysis. A pooled prevalence estimate of bovine tuberculosis in Ethiopia was found to be 5.8% (95% CI: 4.5, 7.5). In a multivariable meta-regression analysis, breed and production system explained 40.9% of the explainable proportion of the in-between study variance computed. Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in Holstein-Friesians, 21.6% (95% CI: 14.7–30.7), was higher than in local zebus 4.1 (95% CI: 3.4–4.9). Cattle kept under intensive and semi-intensive production systems had higher prevalence, 16.6% (95% CI: 12.4–21.6) of bTB than those kept in extensive livestock production system, 4.6 (95% CI: 3.4–6.2). Bovine tuberculosis is widely distributed across major livestock producing regions of Ethiopia. However, no valid data could be retrieved from Benishanul-Gumuz, Harari and Dire Dawa. Data obtained on bTB from Somali and Gambella regional states are also few and further studies are suggested in these regions. In conclusion, this review showed that bTB in cattle in Ethiopia is widespread with high prevalence in intensive and semi-intensive management systems that keep exotic breeds and their crosses in urban and peri-urban areas. Thus, it is suggested that the design and implementation of bTB control strategies in Ethiopia should prioritize these hotspots in order to reduce the impact of the disease on the growing dairy sector.

Prevalence of Bovine Tuberculosis in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were run on all moderators to assess their significance when compared to the full model with all other variables included. For the purposes of variable selection, given the low power of these tests and precedence set in other systematic reviews and meta‐analyses, variables with a p ‐value < 0.25 were retained for inclusion in the final model (Sibhat et al., ) (Asmare et al., ) (Dohoo, Martin, & Stryhn, ).…”

Risk Perceptions and Protective Behaviors Toward Bovine Tuberculosis Among Abattoir and Butcher Workers in Ethiopia

“…In Ethiopia, the average prevalence of bovine tuberculosis based on studies done between 2000 and 2016 showed to be 6% in cattle. The prevalence also varied based on the breeds of cattle and the production systems ( 7 ). The fact that M. bovis is frequently isolated from various animal organs/tissues such as lesions in the lungs and lymph nodes at slaughterhouses gestures that the disease can spread through both direct and indirect modes to human ( 8 ).…”

Low Prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis in Tuberculosis Patients, Ethiopia

“…Previous studies in Ethiopia reported variable (0%-16%) prevalence of M. bovis in extrapulmonary TB patients (8,9). A second possible reason could be the low prevalence of bovine TB in zebu cattle, which comprise >95% of the cattle population of Ethiopia (10) and have been reported to have lower infection rates with M. bovis than other types of cattle. In addition, most cattle husbandry in Ethiopia is on extensively managed small farms in open fields, which poses a low risk for the spread of bovine TB (7).…”