Bovine vaccinia: Inactivated Vaccinia virus vaccine induces protection in murine model

Matos, Ana Carolina Diniz; Guedes, Maria Isabel Maldonado Coelho; Rehfeld, Izabelle Silva; Costa, Érica Azevedo; Costa, Aristóteles Gomes; Silva, Natalia Lopes da; Lage, Andrey Pereira; Lobato, Zélia Inês Portela

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.03.009

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This was a possibility that we ruled out in our previous influenza studies; coimmunization with an infectious non-cross-reactive strain of influenza that provided inflammatory signals had no impact on response to inactivated virus (1). Recently published work corroborates our finding that inactivated VACV does not prime a protective Ab response; however, the inclusion of particular adjuvants were reported to confer protection (33,56). Therefore, we used the same adjuvant as was previously published preparation in conjunction with our inactivated virus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…This suggests that lack of inflammatory signals against inactivated poxvirus is not a causative explanation for our results. It should be noted, however, that more dramatic Ab production might have been observed had adjuvantation been implemented in a prime/boost immunization as in (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with live ECTV, inactivated ECTV, or inactivated ECTV plus adjuvant. Adjuvant consisted of 10% aluminum hydroxide gel (Rehydragel LV, Chemtrade Chemicals), 1 mg/ml saponin (Sigma-Aldrich), as previously published by (33). Live ECTV was inoculated in the footpad with 3 3 10 3 PFU of virus in 30 ml of saline; alternately, 3 3 10 6 PFU of virus was inactivated with UV radiation/ psoralen and injected s.c. in 500 ml of either saline or adjuvant.…”

Section: Adjuvant Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine whether an inflammatory milieu could help boost CD4 + T cell responses to inactivated poxvirus, we employed a well-established adjuvant, namely aluminum hydroxide + saponin (33). Importantly, this adjuvant mixture has recently been shown to increase Ab responses to inactivated ECTV in a prime/boost vaccination setting via s.c. immunization (33). After confirming that immunizing with inactivated virus via i.p.…”

Section: Adjuvant Does Not Restore Cd4 + T Cell Response To Inactivatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poor Antigen Processing of Poxvirus Particles Limits CD4+ T Cell Recognition and Impacts Immunogenicity of the Inactivated Vaccine

Forsyth

DeHaven

Mendonca

et al. 2019

The Journal of Immunology

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CD4+ T cells play critical roles in defending against poxviruses, both by potentiating cellular and humoral responses and by directly killing infected cells. Despite this central role, the basis for pox-specific CD4+ T cell activation, specifically the origin of the poxvirus-derived peptides (epitopes) that activate CD4+ T cells, remains poorly understood. In addition, because the current licensed poxvirus vaccines can cause serious adverse events and even death, elucidating the requirements for MHC class II (MHC-II) processing and presentation of poxviral Ags could be of great use. To address these questions, we explored the CD4+ T cell immunogenicity of ectromelia, the causative agent of mousepox. Having identified a large panel of novel epitopes via a screen of algorithm-selected synthetic peptides, we observed that immunization of mice with inactivated poxvirus primes a virtually undetectable CD4+ T cell response, even when adjuvanted, and is unable to provide protection against disease after a secondary challenge. We postulated that an important contributor to this outcome is the poor processability of whole virions for MHC-II–restricted presentation. In line with this hypothesis, we observed that whole poxvirions are very inefficiently converted into MHC-II–binding peptides by the APC as compared with subviral material. Thus, stability of the virion structure is a critical consideration in the rational design of a safe alternative to the existing live smallpox vaccine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adjuvant Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adjuvant Does Not Restore Cd4 + T Cell Response To Inactivatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poor Antigen Processing of Poxvirus Particles Limits CD4+ T Cell Recognition and Impacts Immunogenicity of the Inactivated Vaccine

Forsyth

DeHaven

Mendonca

et al. 2019

The Journal of Immunology

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“…Given the numerous cases of BV reported in recent years in Brazil and its wide occurrence in the country, the development of a safe and effective vaccine to be used in cattle has become an emerging demand. To address the need for an efficient BV preventive measure with the aim of mitigating BV outcome in animals and humans, we developed and tested different vaccine formulations against VACV in a murine model [ 74 ]. The use of the VACV Brazilian strain GP2 as the antigen, formulated with aluminum hydroxy- and saponin-based adjuvants, resulted in higher neutralizing antibody production and disease protection in mice when compared to the other tested vaccine formulations [ 74 ].…”

Section: Bovine Vaccinia: Viral Shedding Routes and Insights Into mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Vaccinia: Insights into the Disease in Cattle

Matos

Rehfeld

Guedes

et al. 2018

Viruses

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Bovine vaccinia (BV), caused by Vaccinia virus (VACV), is a zoonosis characterized by exanthematous lesions in the teats of dairy cows and the hands of milkers and is an important public health issue. Severe VACV-induced lesions in the teats and udder of cows and buffaloes could lead to mastitis and other secondary infections, thereby reducing productivity and resulting in economic losses to the dairy industry. In Brazil, BV re-emerged in the late 1990s and is now endemic in most of the Brazilian territory. In the last 15 years, much effort has been made to know more about this disease and its epidemiology, etiologic agents, and interactions with the host and the environment. In this review, we describe the known dynamics of VACV infection in cattle and the viral shedding routes, as well as the relevance of BV for animal and public health.

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Bovine vaccinia: Inactivated Vaccinia virus vaccine induces protection in murine model

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Poor Antigen Processing of Poxvirus Particles Limits CD4+ T Cell Recognition and Impacts Immunogenicity of the Inactivated Vaccine

Poor Antigen Processing of Poxvirus Particles Limits CD4+ T Cell Recognition and Impacts Immunogenicity of the Inactivated Vaccine

Bovine Vaccinia: Insights into the Disease in Cattle

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