Bovine viral diarrhea virus compromises Neutrophil's functions in strain dependent manner

Thakur, Neelu; Evans, H. M.; Abdelsalam, Karim; Farr, A D; Rajput, Mrigendra; Young, Alan J.; Chase, Christopher

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104515

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Although the transcriptomes of host cells inoculated with BVDV at the early stage of infection were sequenced [ 32 – 34 ], the mechanism responsible for the host immune function dysregulation caused by BVDV was not clear. In addition, accumulated evidence showed that different subtypes, biotypes, and isolates of BVDV induced different levels of immune responses [ 35 – 39 ]. In this study, transcriptomic sequencing was performed for analysis of expression levels of genes in PBLCs at the early stage of infection with BVDV2 GS2018 strain, which provided basis data for understanding the response mechanism caused by early viral infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Th17 cell differentiation induced by cytopathogenic biotype BVDV-2 in bovine PBLCs

Liu

Chen

et al. 2021

BMC Genomics

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Background Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a major pathogen that causes bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease (BVD-MD), which has become a global infectious disease due to its wide spread and the lack of effective treatment. The process of BVDV infection is complex. Once infected, host immune cells are activated and modulated. As a major immune cell, peripheral blood lymphocyte cells (PBLCs) are the primary target of BVDV. In order to further understand the mechanism of BVDV- host interaction, the expression profiles of host lymphocytes mRNAs associated with BVDV infection were investigated by transcriptomic sequencing analysis. Results The transcriptomic sequencing analysis was performed on bovine PBLCs infected with CP BVDV-2 GS2018 after 12 h of infection. Gene expression profiling demonstrated that 1052 genes were differentially expressed in GS2018 infected PBLCs compared with the control group. Of these genes, 485 genes were up-regulated and 567 were down-regulated. The 19 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were selected for validation using quantitative real-time PCR and the results were consistent with the results of RNA-Seq. Gene ontology enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis showed that 1052 DEGs were significantly enriched in 16 pathways, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, IL17, PI3K-Akt, MAPK and TNF signaling pathway. PPI network analysis showed that IL17A, IFN-γ and TNF-α interacted with various proteins and may play crucial roles in BVDV-2 infection. Of note, we confirmed that GS2018 induced Th17 cell differentiation in PBLCs and persistently increased the expression levels of IL17A. In turn, the replication of GS2018 was inhibited by IL17A. Conclusion In this study, the transcription changes of DEGs related to host immune responses in bovine PBLCs were caused by CP BVDV-2 infection. In particular, the effector molecules IL17A of Th17 cells were significantly up-regulated, which inhibited viral replication. These results will contribute to exploration and further understanding of the host immune response mechanism and interaction between host and BVDV-2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Th17 cell differentiation induced by cytopathogenic biotype BVDV-2 in bovine PBLCs

Liu

Chen

et al. 2021

BMC Genomics

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show abstract

“…Although the transcriptomes of host cells inoculated with BVDV at the early stage of infection were sequenced [32][33][34], the mechanism responsible for the host immune function dysregulation caused by BVDV was not clear. In addition, accumulated evidence showed that different subtypes, biotypes, and isolates of BVDV induced different levels of immune responses [35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Th17 Cell Differentiation Induced by Cytopathogenic Biotype BVDV-2 in Bovine PBLCs

Liu

Chen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a major pathogen that causes bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease (BVD-MD), which has become a global infectious disease due to its wide spread and the lack of effective treatment. The process of BVDV infection is complex. Once infected, host immune cells are activated and modulated. As a major immune cell, peripheral blood lymphocyte cells (PBLCs) are the primary target of BVDV. In order to further understand the mechanism of BVDV- host interaction, the expression profiles of host lymphocytes mRNAs associated with BVDV infection were investigated by transcriptomic sequencing analysis. Results: The transcriptomic sequencing analysis was performed on bovine PBLCs infected with CP BVDV-2 GS2018 after 12 h of infection. Gene expression profiling demonstrated that 1,052 genes were differentially expressed in GS2018 infected PBLCs compared with the control group. Of these genes, 485 genes were up-regulated and 567 were down-regulated. 19 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were selected for validation using quantitative real-time PCR and the results were consistent with the results of RNA-Seq. Gene ontology enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis showed that 1052 DEGs were significantly enriched in 16 pathways, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, IL17 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. PPI network analysis showed that IL17A, IFN-γ and TNF-α interacted with various proteins and may play crucial roles in BVDV-2 infection. Of note, we confirmed that GS2018 induced Th17 cell differentiation in PBLCs and persistently increased the expression levels of IL17A. In turn, the replication of GS2018 was inhibited by IL17A. Conclusion: In this study, the transcription changes of DEGs related to host immune responses in bovine PBLCs were caused by CP BVDV-2 infection. In particular, the effector molecules IL17A of Th17 cells were significantly up-regulated, which inhibited viral replication. These results will contribute to exploration and further understanding of the host immune response mechanism and interaction between host and BVDV-2.

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“…Functional analysis of neutrophils of the PI animals revealed reduced phagocytosis capacity and decreased reactive oxygen (ROS) production, compared to neutrophils from healthy animals (118). The inhibitory effect of BVDV on neutrophils has been found strain-specific (119). Although all BVDV strains (including CP and NCP-BVDV) induced a significant decrease in the expression of the cell adhesion molecules CD18 and L-selectin on neutrophils and impaired their in vitro ROS and neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) activity, only CP-BVDV reduced the phagocytosis function.…”

Section: Bvdv-induced Immune Response and Immune Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although all BVDV strains (including CP and NCP-BVDV) induced a significant decrease in the expression of the cell adhesion molecules CD18 and L-selectin on neutrophils and impaired their in vitro ROS and neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) activity, only CP-BVDV reduced the phagocytosis function. In contrast, only NCP-BVDV enhanced CD14 expression on neutrophils and improved their chemotactic activity (119). A recent study evaluated the impact of supernatant collected from macrophages infected with different BVDV strains on macrophage inflammatory response and lymphocyte apoptosis.…”

Section: Bvdv-induced Immune Response and Immune Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances on the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Molecular Pathogenesis, Immune Response, and Vaccines Development

et al. 2021

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The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) consists of two species and various subspecies of closely related viruses of varying antigenicity, cytopathology, and virulence-induced pathogenesis. Despite the great ongoing efforts to control and prevent BVDV outbreaks and the emergence of new variants, outbreaks still reported throughout the world. In this review, we are focusing on the molecular biology of BVDV, its molecular pathogenesis, and the immune response of the host against the viral infection. Special attention was paid to discuss some immune evasion strategies adopted by the BVDV to hijack the host immune system to ensure the success of virus replication. Vaccination is one of the main strategies for prophylaxis and contributes to the control and eradication of many viral diseases including BVDV. We discussed the recent advances of various types of currently available classical and modern BVDV vaccines. However, with the emergence of new strains and variants of the virus, it is urgent to find some other novel targets for BVDV vaccines that may overcome the drawbacks of some of the currently used vaccines. Effective vaccination strategy mainly based on the preparation of vaccines from the homologous circulating strains. The BVDV-E2 protein plays important role in viral infection and pathogenesis. We mapped some important potential neutralizing epitopes among some BVDV genomes especially the E2 protein. These novel epitopes could be promising targets against the currently circulating strains of BVDV. More research is needed to further explore the actual roles of these epitopes as novel targets for the development of novel vaccines against BVDV. These potential vaccines may contribute to the global eradication campaign of the BVDV.

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Bovine viral diarrhea virus compromises Neutrophil's functions in strain dependent manner

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Th17 cell differentiation induced by cytopathogenic biotype BVDV-2 in bovine PBLCs

Th17 cell differentiation induced by cytopathogenic biotype BVDV-2 in bovine PBLCs

Th17 Cell Differentiation Induced by Cytopathogenic Biotype BVDV-2 in Bovine PBLCs

Recent Advances on the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Molecular Pathogenesis, Immune Response, and Vaccines Development

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