Bow-tie risk assessment combining causes and effects applied to gas oil storage in an abandoned salt cavern

Thienen-Visser, K. van; Hendriks, Dimmie; Marsman, A.; Nepveu, M.; Groenenberg, Remco; Wildenborg, Ton; Duijne, Hans van; Hartogh, Marinus den; Pinkse, Tobias

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.11.002

Cited by 39 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…They considered both the causes and consequences in their BTA. They showed that the major cause of accidents arising from subsurface storage is human error (15). This result is consistent with our study because one of the most important events that can lead to the major accident is human error.…”

Section: Ie01supporting

confidence: 93%

Risk Assessment of Petroleum Products Loading Arm by BTA Technique

Aliabadi

Mohammadfam

Khorshidikia

2021

Jundishapur J Health Sci

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Background: Loading of petroleum products consists of several parts, of which the arm platform section is known to be the source of most accidents. Objectives: Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the risk of arm loading platforms using the bow-tie analysis (BTA) technique to identify the causes and the probability of occurrence of hazardous events. Methods: In this study, we first identified the risks of the loading arm using the expert’s judgment. The risk of overflow is considered as the top event. Then, the basic events were identified by the fault tree analysis (FTA), and the possible consequences of the top event were predicted using the event tree. Next, using the computational equations, the probability of spillover and its consequences were calculated. The path of the risk event from the causal phase to the consequent phase was also illustrated by sketching the structure of the BTA. Results: A total of 14 basic events and 8 intermediate events were involved in the occurrence of the top event, and 5 consequences were identified for the risk of spillover. The probability of the top event occurring was calculated to be 3.12 × 10-7. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, tank overflow is one of the most important hazards in the loading arm section.

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Section: Ie01supporting

confidence: 93%

Risk Assessment of Petroleum Products Loading Arm by BTA Technique

Aliabadi

Mohammadfam

Khorshidikia

2021

Jundishapur J Health Sci

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“…Effects range from limiting processes of germination and plant growth to posing a risk to animal feed (Masters et al 2007). In this study, the severe salinity of the samples that were found near petrochemical facilities was probably due to water associated with extraction and storage processes, which generally have a high content of dissolved salt from geological formations (salt domes) (van Thienen-Visser et al 2014); this reduces the potential for agricultural production. De la Garza et al (2008) suggested that in soils with higher hydrocarbon concentrations, pH decreases but EC increases 5.6 times compared to uncontaminated soil, reducing the ability to retain Ca and K cations.…”

Section: Risk Analysis Of Limiting Factorsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Risk Indicators for Agricultural Use in Oil-Contaminated Soils

Vázquez-Luna

Hernández-Acosta

Zavala-Cruz

et al. 2020

RICA

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Oil activities have mainly affected the tropical zones of developing countries, and these effects have been difficult to measure due to the lack of in-situ monitoring indicators in agricultural areas. We determined the physical and chemical properties of soils sampled from four villages situated on the floodplain of the Tonalá River in Tabasco, Mexico, and we analyzed the productive characteristics and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content in each site. The aim was to assess the potential risks affecting agricultural use in areas with or without oil wells. Three indicators were developed: the productive diversity index (PDIx), the productive rate risk index (PRx), and the efficient land use index (ELUIx) for farming systems (crop plants [p] and animal rearing [a]). Results indicate that the main limiting factors for farming are the flooding characteristics of Gleysols, high salinity, and contamination by hydrocarbons, and that these were related to higher values of PRa,p, which were recorded from zones with elevated density of oil facilities. High PDIa,p and ELUIa,p values were found in zones without oil facilities that had a greater production of crops and pastures and lower associated risk factors that are related to the presence of oil wells or soil contamination by TPH, but also to related secondary effects. These results allowed a comparison of potential risk assessment in areas with similar ecosystems, differentiating the diversity and the efficiency of productive land use related to polluted zones.Palabras clave: hidrocarburo intemperizado, suelo contaminado, uso de la tierra agrícola. D. Vázquez-Luna et al. 814 RESUMENLas actividades petroleras han afectado principalmente las zonas tropicales en países en desarrollo, efectos que ha sido difícil medir debido a la falta de indicadores de monitoreo in-situ en áreas agrícolas. Se determinaron las propiedades físicas y químicas de los suelos de cuatro comunidades situadas en la llanura aluvial del río Tonalá en Tabasco, México, y se analizaron las características productivas y el contenido total de hidrocarburos de petróleo (HTP) en cada sitio. El objetivo fue evaluar los riesgos potenciales para el uso agrícola en áreas con o sin pozos petroleros. Se desarrollaron tres indicadores: el índice de diversidad productiva (IDPx), el índice de riesgo productivo (RPx) y el índice de uso eficiente del suelo (IUESx) para los sistemas agrícolas (plantas de cultivo [p] y cría de animales [a]). Los resultados indicaron que los principales factores limitantes para la agricultura son las características de inundación de los Gleysoles, la alta salinidad y la contaminación por hidrocarburos. Éstos fueron correlacionados con valores más altos de RPa,p y con altas densidades de instalaciones petroleras. Se encontraron valores altos de IDPa,p y IUESa,p en zonas sin instalaciones petroleras, debido a que tenían mayor producción de cultivos y pasturas, y menores factores de riesgo asociados con la presencia de pozos petroleros o con la contaminación del suelo por HTP. Estos r...

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“…Otherwise, qualitative analysis can also be performed with respect to various industrial accidents using the diagram. Due to the multi‐functional and user‐friendly features, BT concept finds its popularity in various industrial fields, particularly in petrochemical enterprises where the diagram is commonly used to analyze occurring probability and risk extent of explosion and fire accidents. After potential dangers, associating causes and consequences have been identified, vulnerable points of risk management, and organizational control can be clearly unfolded by taking into account functions of associated safety barriers.…”

Section: Bow‐tie Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

A bow‐tie model for analyzing explosion and fire accidents induced by unloading operation in petrochemical enterprises

Chen

Wang

2018

Process Safety Progress

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Explosion and fire accidents happen frequently in petrochemical enterprises. For improving risk management, Bowtie method is applied to analyze causes, consequences, and control methods of such disasters. Based on fault tree analysis, 42 combination scenarios of primary events leading to explosion and fire accident are achieved. Important order of primary events is determined. Event tree is developed where four consequences, with different occurrence probability and loss degree, are obtained considering of success or failure of emergency evacuation and automatic fire extinguishing system. Structure of Bow-tie model is established where three accident sources, including limit concentration of liquefied petroleum gas, equipment fault or operation error and fire source, are taken into account. After identification of accident causes and consequences, precautionary and loss-reducing measures are proposed. The model was applied to analyze explosion and fire accident occurring in Jinyu group of China, demonstrating poor connection between the pipe and oil tank truck and non-explosion-proof equipment resulted in the accident. The delayed emergency excavation and failure of automatic fire extinguishing system led to fully developed fire and heavy casualties. To reduce such disasters, controlling suggestions in terms of educational training, intelligent monitoring, equipment management, and safety management were provided for Jinyu group.

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Bow-tie risk assessment combining causes and effects applied to gas oil storage in an abandoned salt cavern

Cited by 39 publications

References 22 publications

Risk Assessment of Petroleum Products Loading Arm by BTA Technique

Risk Assessment of Petroleum Products Loading Arm by BTA Technique

Risk Indicators for Agricultural Use in Oil-Contaminated Soils

A bow‐tie model for analyzing explosion and fire accidents induced by unloading operation in petrochemical enterprises

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