Bows and Arrows

Pope, Saxton T.

doi:10.1525/9780520330900

Cited by 9 publications

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“…If the focus is on kinetic energy, a lightweight projectile propelled at the greatest possible velocity would be the optimal weapon. However, arrows with triangular tips were used for “shock hunting” where the goal is to cause lethal tissue damage to the prey's circulatory and respiratory system (Christenson 1986; Friis-Hansen 1990; Pope 1923). Consequently, the projectile must be large enough, and therefor heavier, to cause sufficiently significant tissue damage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of regional late woodland triangle projectile point variation and native American ethnic group territories in the central middle Atlantic

Custer

2022

North American Archaeologist

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The shapes and sizes of 983 Late Woodland triangular projectile points from four indigenous Native American different ethnic groups of the central Middle Atlantic region (Unami Lenapi – Lower Delaware Valley, Munsee Lenape – Upper Delaware Valley, Susquehannock – Lower Susquehanna Valley, Nanticoke – Lower Delmarva Peninsula) and one archaeological complex (Shenks Ferry – Lower Susquehanna Valley) were compared using various univariate statistical analytics, including the difference-of-mean and difference-of proportion tests, to see if there were any statistically significant morphological differences among them. There were none, even though earlier studies of small samples with anecdotal observations and comparisons stated that there were observable differences among the projectile points of the various ethnic groups. This study's findings refute the axiomatic assumption of traditional normative culture approaches that there must be identifiable stylistic variation in projectile points among different ethnic groups. In the case of Late Woodland triangular projectile points in the central Middle Atlantic region, the technological prerequisites of shock hunting with bows and stone-tipped arrows limited inter-ethnic group variation in projectile point forms. However, use of poisons may have affected overall projectile point sizes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of regional late woodland triangle projectile point variation and native American ethnic group territories in the central middle Atlantic

Custer

2022

North American Archaeologist

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2005

The Origins of War

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Sexual dimorphism in relation to big‐game hunting and economy in modern human populations

Collier

1993

American J Phys Anthropol

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Postcranial skeletal data from two recent Eskimo populations are used to test David Frayer's model of sexual dimorphism reduction in Europe between the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic. Frayer argued that a change from big-game hunting and adoption of new technology in the Mesolithic reduced selection for large body size in males and led to a reduction in skeletal sexual dimorphism. Though aspects of Frayer's work have been criticized in the literature, the association of big-game hunting and high sexual dimorphism is untested. This study employs univariate and multivariate analysis to test that association by examining sexual dimorphism of cranial and postcranial bones of two recent Alaskan Eskimo populations, one being big-game (whale and other large marine mammal) hunting people, and the second being salmon fishing, riverine people. While big-game hunting influences skeletal robusticity, it cannot be said to lead to greater sexual dimorphism generally. The two populations had different relative sexual dimorphism levels for different parts of the body. Notably, the big-game hunting (whaling) Eskimos had the lower multivariate dimorphism in the humerus, which could be expected to be the structure under greatest exertion by such hunting in males. While the exertions of the whale hunting economic activities led to high skeletal robusticity, as predicted by Frayer's model, this was true of the females as well as the males, resulting in low sexual dimorphism in some features. Females are half the sexual dimorphism equation, and they cannot be seen as constants in any model of economic behavior.

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Bows and Arrows

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Correlation of regional late woodland triangle projectile point variation and native American ethnic group territories in the central middle Atlantic

Correlation of regional late woodland triangle projectile point variation and native American ethnic group territories in the central middle Atlantic

Bibliography

Sexual dimorphism in relation to big‐game hunting and economy in modern human populations

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