Box-Behnken Design Optimization of Sand Casting Process Parameters

Aliemeke, Blessıng Ngozı Goodluck; Oladeinde, MH

doi:10.19072/ijet.714473

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The R 2 and R 2 (adjusted) values of the model are 0.9519 and 0.8652 (Table 3) which shows that equations 1 and 2 represent the system under the experimental ranges investigated [49].…”

Section: 31mentioning

confidence: 84%

Box-Behnken Optimization and Theoretical Study for Copper Recovery from Scrap Laptop Computer Printed Circuit Board by Malonic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide

Aderibigbe¹,

Olasupo

Odubola

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Copper (Cu) is a major target in metal recovery during the recycling of scrap printed circuit boards (PCBs). Herein, we report on the optimization of parameters for the leaching of Cu from scrap PCB pieces by malonic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Large PCBs obtained from scrap laptop computers were cut into smaller 2 cm by 2 cm pieces and de-epoxidized by NaOH treatment. The average Cu content in each PCB piece was determined by complete solubilization in aqua-regia and found to be (0.84±0.13) mg/g. An optimization study of three parameters including malonic acid concentration, H2O2 concentration, and contact time was carried out through the Box-Behnken design. Analysis of variance data revealed that the linear model was best fitted to the experimental data with R2 = 0.9591 and R2 (adjusted) = 0.8652, but the predictive power of the model was low with R2 (predicted) = 0.2298. The conditions at which the highest leaching efficiency of 51.3% was obtained were a malonic acid concentration of 0.5 M, a H2O2 concentration of 1.0 M, and a contact time of 75 min. The contact time was the most significant individual parameter that influenced the efficiency of Cu leached with a p-value of 0.001. Response surface plots revealed that high leaching efficiencies were observed at high malonic acid and H2O2 concentrations at prolonged contact time. Theoretical calculations show that the malonic acid prefers to coordinate with Cu in a 2:1 malonic acid: Cu ratio.

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“…The R 2 and R 2 (adjusted) values of the model are 0.9519 and 0.8652 (Table 3) which shows that equations 1 and 2 represent the system under the experimental ranges investigated [49].…”

Section: 31mentioning

confidence: 84%

Box-Behnken Optimization and Theoretical Study for Copper Recovery from Scrap Laptop Computer Printed Circuit Board by Malonic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide

Aderibigbe¹,

Olasupo

Odubola

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The R 2 and R 2 (adjusted) values of the model are 0.9519 and 0.8652 (Table 3) which shows that equations 1 and 2 represent the system under the experimental ranges investigated. 41 Moreover, the experimental and predicted Cu leaching efficiencies are presented in Table 2 and Figure 4. The actual leaching efficiencies (LE exp ) represent the experimental data collected under specified conditions while the predicted efficiencies (LE pred ) are estimated using equation 1.…”

Section: Box-behnken Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Box-Behnken Optimization and Theoretical Study for Copper Leaching from Scrap Laptop Computer Printed Circuit Board by Malonic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide

Olasupo

Odubola²,

Akintayo³

et al. 2022

SCE

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The hydrometallurgical method of copper leaching from scrap electronics is commonly undertaken using pulverized printed circuit boards. Though studies on the use of organic acids like citric and oxalic acids for copper removal are well documented, those on the use of malonic acid are rare. Herein, we report on the investigation of the efficiencies of mixtures of malonic acid and hydrogen peroxide for copper leaching from unpulverized scrap PCB by the Box-Behnken design and the theoretical determination of the most stable copper-malonic acid complex. The average copper content in each unpulverized printed circuit board was found to be (0.84 ± 0.13) mg/g following aqua-regia digestion and atomic absorption spectrophotometry measurement. The conditions at which the highest leaching efficiency of 51.3% was obtained were a malonic acid concentration of 0.5 M, a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 1.0 M, and a contact time of 75 min. The contact time was the most significant individual parameter that influenced the efficiency of copper leached with a p-value of 0.001. Theoretical calculations show that malonic acid prefers to coordinate with copper in a 2:1 malonic acid: copper ratio. This study shows that appreciable amounts of copper can be leached from the minimally processed unpulverized printed circuit board.

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“…Adjusted-R 2 , predicted-R 2 , probability value at 95% confidence interval, coefficient of variation, and one-way ANOVA were used to examine the results (Aliemeke andOladeine, 2020, Ozcan et al 2022).…”

Section: Modeling Butyl Acrylate Explosion Using Box-behnken Experime...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission rates, ALOHA simulation and Box-Behnken design of accidental releases in butyl acrylate tank - case study

Saloglu

Dertli

Mohammadi

et al. 2022

Production Engineering Archives

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The leakage of hazardous compounds in chemical industries has always been one of the factors threatening workers, plants, and the environment. Among them, butyl acrylate is one of the most harmful materials that are widely used in chemical plants. In the present study, a butyl acrylate tank located in a real tank farm in Kocaeli-Turkey was analyzed for the examination of emissions and trinitrotoluene (TNT) equivalent explosion model of the vapor cloud. Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) program was used to define threat zones of butyl acrylate leakage based on different scenarios, such as a leakage from the tank without fire, burning as a jet fire, and also burning as a fireball during Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE). In addition, since the most important parameters that enhance the effects of explosion and the spread of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are wind speed, filling ratio of the tanks, and temperature, the interaction of these parameters on the threat zones and the highest threat zones of explosions were investigated using the Box-Behnken experimental design and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), respectively. As butyl acrylate, one of the most dangerous chemicals for industrial facilities, and its explosion effects have not been studied so far, it can be safely mentioned that this paper representing the first study in the literature is highly original and novel.

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Box-Behnken Design Optimization of Sand Casting Process Parameters

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Box-Behnken Optimization and Theoretical Study for Copper Recovery from Scrap Laptop Computer Printed Circuit Board by Malonic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide

Box-Behnken Optimization and Theoretical Study for Copper Recovery from Scrap Laptop Computer Printed Circuit Board by Malonic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide

Box-Behnken Optimization and Theoretical Study for Copper Leaching from Scrap Laptop Computer Printed Circuit Board by Malonic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide

Emission rates, ALOHA simulation and Box-Behnken design of accidental releases in butyl acrylate tank - case study

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