BPCS steganography using EZW lossy compressed images

Spaulding, Jeremiah; Noda, Hideki; Shirazi, M.N.; Kawaguchi, Eiji

doi:10.1016/s0167-8655(02)00122-8

Cited by 75 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The author in the experimental section does not show how resilient the algorithm is to different image processing attacks, e.g., rotation, additive noise, cropping, and compression. Indeed, the ABCDE algorithm provides an improvement over a former method known as BPCS (Bit Plane Complexity Segmentation) [69]; which, in turn, was introduced to compensate for the drawback of the traditional LSB manipulation techniques of data hiding [70]. The computational complexity of the algorithm to find a phase key that passes the threshold is time consuming and there is no guarantee that it will always evolve into an optimal solution [71].…”

Section: Adaptive Steganographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital image steganography: Survey and analysis of current methods

et al. 2010

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Steganography is the science that involves communicating secret data in an appropriate multimedia carrier, e.g., image, audio, and video files. It comes under the assumption that if the feature is visible, the point of attack is evident, thus the goal here is always to conceal the very existence of the embedded data. Steganography has various useful applications. However, like any other science it can be used for ill intentions. It has been propelled to the forefront of current security techniques by the remarkable growth in computational power, the increase in security awareness by, e.g., individuals, groups, agencies, government and through intellectual pursuit. Steganography's ultimate objectives, which are undetectability, robustness (resistance to various image processing methods and compression) and capacity of the hidden data, are the main factors that separate it from related techniques such as watermarking and cryptography. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review and analysis of the different existing methods of steganography along with some common standards and guidelines drawn from the literature. This paper concludes with some recommendations and advocates for the object-oriented embedding mechanism. Steganalysis, which is the science of attacking steganography, is not the focus of this survey but nonetheless will be briefly discussed.

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Section: Adaptive Steganographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital image steganography: Survey and analysis of current methods

et al. 2010

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“…J.Spaulding et al proposed BPCS (bit plane complexity segmentation) for the compensation of the discrepancies of the custom LSB procedures of substitution of embedding data. [60]. in a book Wayner describes the noise and calls it "life in noise" also points to how much useful the data embedding is while in noise.…”

Section: Adaptive Image Steganographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understandable Steganography

Maurya¹,

Gupta²

2018

IJET

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For hiding information in a digitalized object Steganography is an important technique. It is a special kind of scientific technique which involves the secret information communication inside suitable cover objects of multimedia like image files, audio or videos. The embedded data and its existence are hidden with the help of Steganography. It is a method of hiding data which has enormously improved the security level of confidential data with the help of special hiding mechanism and is considered as remarkable achievement in the computational power. The main aims of Steganography are; capacity of concealed data along with its robustness, lack of detection etc. These are some of the additional features which make it distinguishing from other older techniques like watermarking as well as cryptography. In this research paper, we have surveyed Steganography of digital images and cover the basic and key concepts. In spatial representation the development of image Steganographic methodology in the format of JPEG, along with that we will also debate on the modern developments as far as Steganography is concerned. For increasing Steganographic security, specifically used approaches are shortlisted and the developments made after investigations are also presented in this paper.

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“…The complexity of each subsection of a bit-plane is defined as the number of non-edge transitions from 1 to 0 and 0 to 1 [8]. BPCS is another substitution type method, but rather than replacing specific bits.…”

Section: Bit-plane Complexity Segmentation (Bpcs)mentioning

confidence: 99%