Brachial artery hyperaemic blood flow velocity in relation to established indices of vascular function and global atherosclerosis

Järhult, Susann J.; Hansen, Tomas; Åhlström, Håkan; Johansson, Lars; Sundström, Johan; Lind, Lars

doi:10.1111/j.1475-097x.2011.01117.x

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The blood flow and R min values reported in our study are in line with those from other investigations performed with similar protocols (Ridout et al ., ; Mathiassen et al ., ). In contrast, measurements with Doppler ultrasound following 5 min of ischaemia only results in about 5–10 increase in flow despite the absence of a wrist cuff and the possibility of blood bypassing the resistance circulation (Mitchell et al ., ; Malik et al ., ; Järhult et al ., ). This protocol was originally developed for investigations of flow‐mediated brachial artery dilatation and does not ensure full dilatation of the resistance vasculature (Lauer et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Differential effects of age on large artery stiffness and minimal vascular resistance in normotensive and mildly hypertensive individuals

Svendsen

Khatir

Peters

et al. 2014

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

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Large artery stiffness and small artery structural changes are both cardiovascular risk factors. Arterial stiffness increases with age and blood pressure (BP), but it is unclear in which way large artery pulse wave velocity (PWV) and peripheral vascular resistance are related and whether age has any influence. In a cross-sectional study, PWV and forearm minimum vascular resistance (Rmin ) was compared with emphasis on the impact of age. Normotensive (n = 53) and untreated hypertensive (n = 23) subjects were included based on 24-h BP measurements. Age ranged from 21 to 79 years with an even distribution from each age decade. PWV was assessed using tonometry. Forearm Rmin was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography at maximal vasodilatation induced by 10 min of ischaemia in combination with skin heating and hand grip exercise. In both normotensive and hypertensive subjects, PWV correlated significantly with age and BP. Based on median age, both groups were assigned into two equally large subgroups. Normotensive older (66 ± 7 years) and younger (35 ± 10 years) persons had different carotid-femoral PWV (7.9 ± 1.8 versus 5.7 ± 0.9 m/s, P<0.01), but similar Rmin values (3.7 ± 0.9 versus 3.6 ± 1.2 mmHg/ml/min/100 ml). Hypertensive older (63 ± 6 years) and younger (40 ± 10 years) also had different PWV (8.0 ± 1.5 versus 6.7 ± 1.1 m/s, P<0.05), but the older had lower Rmin (3.1 ± 0.8 versus 4.7 ± 2.2 mmHg/ml/min/100 ml, P<0.05). In a regression analysis adjusting for age, BP, gender and heart rate, no correlation was seen between PWV and Rmin . The data suggest that age differentially affects PWV and Rmin and that BP can increase in older persons without affecting Rmin .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Differential effects of age on large artery stiffness and minimal vascular resistance in normotensive and mildly hypertensive individuals

Svendsen

Khatir

Peters

et al. 2014

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

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“…These factors lead to sympathetic overactivation with the release of noradrenaline from vascular sympathetic nerve fiber terminals and a consequent increase in heart rate, inotropy, and peripheral vasoconstriction . In turn, the reduced vascular compliance and concomitant increase in total peripheral resistance leads to an increase in blood flow velocity during systole and thereby also increases luminal shear stress . A persistent increase in shear stress damages the vascular endothelial cells surrounding the lumen and increases platelet aggregation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Vascular Resistance and Sympathetic Nerve Fiber Density in Arterial Vessels in Children With Sleep Disordered Breathing

Kontos

Lushington

Martin

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundSleep disordered breathing in children is associated with increased blood flow velocity and sympathetic overactivity. Sympathetic overactivity results in peripheral vasoconstriction and reduced systemic vascular compliance, which increases blood flow velocity during systole. Augmented blood flow velocity is recognized to promote vascular remodeling. Importantly, increased vascular sympathetic nerve fiber density and innervation in early life plays a key role in the development of early‐onset hypertension in animal models. Examination of sympathetic nerve fiber density of the tonsillar arteries in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy for Sleep disordered breathing will address this question in humans.Methods and ResultsThirteen children scheduled for adenotonsillectomy to treat sleep disordered breathing underwent pupillometry, polysomnography, flow‐mediated dilation, resting brachial artery blood flow velocity (velocity time integral), and platelet aggregation. The dorsal lingual artery (tonsil) was stained and immunofluorescence techniques used to determine sympathetic nerve fiber density. Sympathetic nerve fiber density was correlated with increased resting velocity time integral (r=0.63; P<0.05) and a lower Neuronal Pupillary Index (r=−0.71, P<0.01), as well as a slower mean pupillary constriction velocity (mean, r=−0.64; P<0.05). A faster resting velocity time integral was associated with a slower peak pupillary constriction velocity (r=−0.77; P<0.01) and higher platelet aggregation to collagen antigen (r=0.64; P<0.05). Slower mean and peak pupillary constriction velocity were associated with higher platelet aggregation scores (P<0.05; P<0.01, respectively).ConclusionsThese results indicate that sympathetic activity is associated with change in both the function and structure of systemic vasculature in children with sleep disordered breathing.

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“…During these four phases of the test patients underwent assessment of Doppler flow parameters measured in the brachial artery, including peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and their ratio, i.e. systolic to diastolic blood flow velocity (SDFV) in the brachial artery during reactive hyperemia [48], which is supposed to be a marker of arterial stiffness and microvascular disease, and percent increase of SDFV in each phase [hyperemia in response to ischemia and sublingual administration of NTG was calculated according to the equation: 100% × (SDFV after ischemia or nitroglycerin administration -SDFV before ischemia or nitroglycerin administration)/SDFV before ischemia or nitroglycerin administration]. The difference between these phases was calculated as follows: 100%* (increase of SDFV after NTG administration -increase of SDFV after ischemia)/increase of SDVF after ischemia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of superficial femoral artery stenting and some atherosclerosis risk factors on changes in selected global endothelial function tests in patients with chronic lower limb ischemia. A pilot study

Budzyński¹,

Wı́sniewska²,

Wasielewski³

et al. 2012

pwki

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A b s t r a c tIntroduction: Endothelial dysfunction is the main pathomechanism of atherosclerotic processes and their complications. Revascularization and control of atherosclerosis risk factors may improve the global endothelial function.Aim: Assessment of the relationships between the level of selected atherosclerosis risk factors and changes in noninvasive endothelial function parameters during one year long follow-up after superficial femoral artery (SFA) stenting.Material and methods: Seventeen male patients after SFA stenting were studied. Before the endovascular procedure, one day after it, and after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after SFA stenting the values of global endothelial function parameters were evaluated, as follows: ankle-brachial index (ABI), flow-mediated brachial artery dilatation, distensibility coefficient, and Doppler parameters of blood flow in brachial and common carotid arteries in response to brachial ischemia and nitroglycerin sublingual application as well as intima-media complex thickness.Results: Of the studied parameters only ABI improved significantly after SFA stenting. The changes in values of investigated endothelial function parameters were related to presence of atherosclerotic risk factors, such as age above 62 years, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and hypertension. Generally, global endothelial function tests were worse in patients with these conditions before the endovascular procedure, then they improved to reach the level observed in individuals without cardiovascular risk factors already after 3 to 6 months after SFA stenting.Conclusions: The SFA stenting together with adequate pharmacotherapy may reduce the negative effect of comorbidities on the global endothelial function and vasodilatation reserve of brachial and carotid arteries.Key words: endothelium, atherosclerosis, superficial femoral artery stenting S t r e s z c z e n i e Wstęp: Zaburzenie funkcji śródbłonka jest podstawowym mechanizmem patogenetycznym rozwoju i powikłań miażdżycy naczyń. Wiadomo, że zabieg rewaskularyzacyjny i kontrola czynników ryzyka rozwoju miażdżycy mogą poprawiać globalną funkcję śródbłonka.Cel: Ocena związku wybranych czynników ryzyka wystąpienia miażdżycy ze zmianami wartości nieinwazyjnych wskaźników funkcji śródbłonka w ciągu rocznej obserwacji pacjentów po stentowaniu tętnicy udowej powierzchownej (TUP).Materiał i metody: Analizie poddano wartości wskaźników zaburzenia funkcji śródbłonka u 17 mężczyzn leczonych metodą stentowania TUP z powodu chromania przestankowego. Przed zabiegiem, w dobę po stentowaniu TUP, oraz po 1, 3, 6 i 12 miesiącach od wykonania procedury wewnątrznaczyniowej zbadano: wskaźnik kostka-ramię (WKR), dylatację tętnicy ramiennej oraz wskaźnik rozszerzalności tętnicy ramiennej i szyjnej w odpowiedzi na niedokrwienie i podanie nitrogliceryny, a także parametry dopplerowskie przepływu w tętnicy ramiennej i grubość kompleksu intima-media tętnicy szyjnej wspólnej.

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Brachial artery hyperaemic blood flow velocity in relation to established indices of vascular function and global atherosclerosis

Abstract: The SDFV ratio was related to established markers of both vasodilation and arterial compliance, and to global atherosclerosis. Future larger studies have to evaluate whether the SDFV ratio is related to global atherosclerosis independently of traditional risk factors.

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Differential effects of age on large artery stiffness and minimal vascular resistance in normotensive and mildly hypertensive individuals

Differential effects of age on large artery stiffness and minimal vascular resistance in normotensive and mildly hypertensive individuals

Relationship between Vascular Resistance and Sympathetic Nerve Fiber Density in Arterial Vessels in Children With Sleep Disordered Breathing

The effect of superficial femoral artery stenting and some atherosclerosis risk factors on changes in selected global endothelial function tests in patients with chronic lower limb ischemia. A pilot study

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