Brachial plexus block using electrolocation for pancarpal arthrodesis in a dog

Relative Nerve Blocking Properties of Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine in Dogs Undergoing Brachial Plexus Block Using a Nerve Stimulator

“…There have been several reports on BPB using a nerve stimulator in small animals [8,22,23]. However, as these studies did not compare blocking effects with or without a nerve stimulator, the usefulness of nerve stimulators has not been demonstrated.…”

“…Furthermore, these acataleptic effects preclude the comparison of pharmacological potency between anesthetics. Several reports have described the use of nerve stimulators to locate the brachial plexus, and this approach has significantly improved the attainment of regional blocks in dogs [8,22]. Therefore, we assumed that these technical improvements would enable the accurate comparison of pharmacological potency between anesthetics in specific regional anesthesia.…”

Evaluation of two regional anesthetic methods on the front limb of dogs using hyperbaric bupivacaine

“…Moreover, the use of the tourniquet showed to be painful, what can be avoided using lidocaine local infiltration previously in the place where the tourniquet will be fixed 11 . To facilitate the technique in BPB, was utilized an electrical nerve stimulation to localize the nerves which compose the brachial plexus 2,3 , however we can find other technique used for this aim, for instance the multiple injections and the use of an electrical nerve stimulation in dogs 12,13 , catheter with a tube in dogs 14 and the utilization of an inserted cannula (30º in relation to the skin) in the axillary region direction was used in children 15 . By the way, in plexus brachial block in the most part of these researches is used the localization of the axillary artery 2,12,15 .…”

“…An ideal electrical nerve stimulator should have variable amperage output to provide a use of a high current in the exploration phase and progressively decreasing of the current to register the proximity of the nerve. Furthermore, studies suggest that the needle can be positioned extremely close to the nerve; thereby this system can improve the accuracy of the local anesthetic block and increasing the success rate of the procedure mainly to less experienced anesthesiologists 1,2 . On the other hand, the IVRA is a relatively simple technique where anesthetic is injected in the radial or cephalic vein below an occlusive tourniquet in the front limbs in dogs; however has the inconvenient possibility to produce lesion in myocardium as well as central nervous system (CNS) intoxication.…”

Use of a Nerve Locator to Facilitate Administration of Mandibular Nerve Blocks in Crocodilians

“…1 Use of local analgesics may reduce the drugs required for general anesthesia. 15 Recovery of crocodilian patients from general anesthesia is often prolonged, 2 and reduction of dosages needed for general anesthesia is likely to result in shorter recoveries. Veterinary use of nerve locators for nerve block placement has been reported for brachial plexus blocks in dogs.…”