Brachyspira and its role in avian intestinal spirochaetosis

Mappley, Luke J.; Ragione, Roberto M. La; Woodward, Martin J.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.11.019

Cited by 42 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…The spirochaete Brachyspira can cause enteric disease in avian, porcine, and human hosts, amongst others, with a potential for zoonotic transmission (Mappley et al 2014). In the present study, Brachyspira bacteria were detected with a high relative abundance (4.91%) in group A, but were almost undetected in groups B and C. Interestingly, only one OTU that had 6898 read tags was mapped to Brachyspira.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 40%

Dietary energy level affects the composition of cecal microbiota of starter Pekin ducklings

Liu¹,

Wang²,

Fang³

et al. 2018

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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In this study, we evaluated the phylogenetic diversity of the cecal microbiota of 3-week-old ducklings fed three diets differing in metabolizable energy. The contents of the ceca were collected from ducklings of different groups. The ceca bacterial DNA was isolated and the V3 to V4 regions of 16S rRNA genes were amplified. The amplicons were subjected to high-throughput sequencing to analyze the bacterial diversity of different groups. The predominant bacterial phyla were Bacteroidetes (~65.67%), Firmicutes (~17.46%), and Proteobacteria (~10.73%). The abundance of Bacteroidetes increased and that of Firmicutes decreased with increasing dietary energy level. The diversity decreased (Simpson diversity index and Shannon diversity index) with the increase in dietary energy level, but the richness remained constant. Notably, Brachyspira bacteria were detected with a very high relative abundance (4.91%) in ceca of ducks fed a diet with 11.30 MJ/kg metabolizable energy, suggesting that low energy content may affect their colonization in cecum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 40%

Dietary energy level affects the composition of cecal microbiota of starter Pekin ducklings

Liu¹,

Wang²,

Fang³

et al. 2018

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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“…Young meat-producing chickens (broilers) are susceptible to experimental infection with Brachyspira species, including B. pilosicoli (58)(59)(60)(61)(62), but under farm conditions they rarely suffer from AIS because they are slaughtered at around 6 weeks of age, before they are likely to have had significant exposure to Brachyspira species. On the other hand, AIS caused by infection with B. pilosicoli (and other Brachyspira species) commonly occurs in adult chickens laying table eggs and in breeding hens producing meat chickens (broiler breeders) (63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70). Infection is particularly common in chickens under free-range conditions (71,72).…”

Section: Disease In Chickensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, epidemiological surveys have shown that infection is common in flocks of laying and breeding chickens in Europe, Scandinavia, North and South America, Malaysia, and Australia (63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70). Besides caged or housed flocks, outdoor free-range flocks and organic flocks with access to outside areas are commonly affected (71,72,76).…”

Section: Chickensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spirochete Brachyspira pilosicoli, Enteric Pathogen of Animals and Humans

Hampson

2018

Clin Microbiol Rev

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SUMMARY Brachyspira pilosicoli is a slow-growing anaerobic spirochete that colonizes the large intestine. Colonization occurs commonly in pigs and adult chickens, causing colitis/typhlitis, diarrhea, poor growth rates, and reduced production. Colonization of humans also is common in some populations (individuals living in village and peri-urban settings in developing countries, recent immigrants from developing countries, homosexual males, and HIV-positive patients), but the spirochete rarely is investigated as a potential human enteric pathogen. In part this is due to its slow growth and specialized growth requirements, meaning that it is not detectable in human fecal samples using routine diagnostic methods. Nevertheless, it has been identified histologically attached to the colon and rectum in patients with conditions such as chronic diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and/or nonspecific abdominal discomfort, and one survey of Australian Aboriginal children showed that colonization was significantly associated with failure to thrive. B. pilosicoli has been detected in the bloodstream of elderly patients or individuals with chronic conditions such as alcoholism and malignancies. This review describes the spirochete and associated diseases. It aims to encourage clinicians and clinical microbiologists to consider B. pilosicoli in their differential diagnoses and to develop and use appropriate diagnostic protocols to identify the spirochete in clinical specimens.

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“…Porcine intestinal spirochetosis is characterized by diarrhea often described as having a "wet cement" consistency (Hampson and Duhamel 2006). In chickens, Brachyspira intermedia and B. pilosicoli are as-sociated with diarrhea, decreased egg production, and fecal staining of eggs (Mappley et al 2014). Finally, human intestinal spirochetosis caused by B. pilosicoli or Brachyspira aalborgi is an infrequent cause of diarrhea most commonly affecting children and immunocompromised individuals (Helbling et al 2012;Tateishi et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the current state of antimicrobial susceptibility test methods forBrachyspira

Kulathunga

Rubin

2017

Can. J. Microbiol.

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Abstract:The re-emergence of swine dysentery (Brachyspira-associated muco-haemorrhagic colitis) since the late 2000s has illuminated diagnostic challenges associated with this genus. The methods used to detect, identify, and characterize Brachyspira from clinical samples have not been standardized, and laboratories frequently rely heavily on in-house techniques. Particularly concerning is the lack of standardized methods for determining and interpreting the antimicrobial susceptibility of Brachyspira spp. The integration of laboratory data into a treatment plan is a critical component of prudent antimicrobial usage. Therefore, the lack of standardized methods is an important limitation to the evidence-based use of antimicrobials. This review will focus on describing the methodological limitations and inconsistencies between current susceptibility testing schemes employed for Brachyspira, provide an overview of what we do know about the susceptibility of these organisms, and suggest future directions to improve and standardize diagnostic strategies.Key words: Brachyspira, susceptibility test, method standardization, veterinary diagnostics, swine dysentery.Résumé : La réémergence de la dysenterie porcine (colite muco-hémorragique associée à Brachyspira) depuis la fin des années 2000 a mis en lumière les défis diagnostiques associés à ce genre. Les méthodes utilisées pour détecter, identifier et caractériser Brachyspira à partir d'échantillons cliniques n'ont jamais été standardisées et les laboratoires dépendent fréquemment et fortement de méthodes maison. L'absence de méthodes standardisées pour déterminer et interpréter la susceptibilité antimicrobienne de Brachyspira spp. est particulièrement inquiétante. L'intégration de données expérimentales à un plan de traitement est une composante importante de l'utilisation avisée d'antimicrobiens, et l'absence de méthodes standardisées constitue conséquemment une limite importante à l'utilisation d'antimicrobiens fondée sur des données probantes. Cette synthèse se concentrera sur la description des limites méthodologiques et des incohérences actuelles qui existent entre les programmes de tests utilisés pour Brachyspira, fournira un exposé général de ce que les auteurs connaissent de la susceptibilité de ces organismes et suggérera des orientations afin d'améliorer et standardiser les stratégies diagnostiques. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : Brachyspira, test de susceptibilité, standardisation de méthodes, diagnostics vétérinaires, dysenterie porcine.

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Brachyspira and its role in avian intestinal spirochaetosis

Cited by 42 publications

References 166 publications

Dietary energy level affects the composition of cecal microbiota of starter Pekin ducklings

Dietary energy level affects the composition of cecal microbiota of starter Pekin ducklings

The Spirochete Brachyspira pilosicoli, Enteric Pathogen of Animals and Humans

A review of the current state of antimicrobial susceptibility test methods forBrachyspira

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