Brachyspira suanatina sp. nov., an enteropathogenic intestinal spirochaete isolated from pigs and mallards: genomic and phenotypic characteristics

Mushtaq, Muhammad; Zubair, Saima; Råsbäck, Thérése; Bongcam‐Rudloff, Erik; Jansson, Désirée S.

doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0537-y

Cited by 42 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 57 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The spirochete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is considered to be the primary etiological agent of swine dysentery (1), but the advent of more-discriminatory microbiological methods has revealed considerable genetic diversity among Brachyspira species (2)(3)(4). A decade ago, Brachyspira suanatina was isolated from pigs with dysentery-like disease in Sweden and Denmark (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Brachyspira Species Isolated from Swine Herds in the United States

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Outbreaks of swine dysentery, caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and the recently discovered "Brachyspira hampsonii," have reoccurred in North American swine herds since the late 2000s. Additionally, multiple Brachyspira species have been increasingly isolated by North American diagnostic laboratories. In Europe, the reliance on antimicrobial therapy for control of swine dysentery has been followed by reports of antimicrobial resistance over time. The objectives of our study were to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility trends of four Brachyspira species originating from U.S. swine herds and to investigate their associations with the bacterial species, genotypes, and epidemiological origins of the isolates. We evaluated the susceptibility of B. hyodysenteriae, B. hampsonii, Brachyspira pilosicoli, and Brachyspira murdochii to tiamulin, valnemulin, doxycycline, lincomycin, and tylosin by broth microdilution and that to carbadox by agar dilution. In general, Brachyspira species showed high susceptibility to tiamulin, valnemulin, and carbadox, heterogeneous susceptibility to doxycycline, and low susceptibility to lincomycin and tylosin. A trend of decreasing antimicrobial susceptibility by species was observed (B. hampsonii > B. hyodysenteriae > B. murdochii > B. pilosicoli). In general, Brachyspira isolates from the United States were more susceptible to these antimicrobials than were isolates from other countries. Decreased antimicrobial susceptibility was associated with the genotype, stage of production, and production system from which the isolate originated, which highlights the roles of biosecurity and husbandry in disease prevention and control. Finally, this study also highlights the urgent need for Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute-approved clinical breakpoints for Brachyspira species, to facilitate informed therapeutic and control strategies.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Brachyspira Species Isolated from Swine Herds in the United States

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The genomes of B. hampsonii strains NSH-16 T , NSH-24, and P280/1 show similar GϩC content, which falls within the general range of GϩC content currently identified for members of the Brachyspira genus (ϳ27% to 28%). This is not surprising, as diverse Brachyspira species show limited variation in their average chromosomal GϩC content (6,(44)(45)(46)(47). The approximated genome size also falls within the range of most members of the Brachyspira genus (range, ϳ2.7 Mb to ϳ3.4 Mb) (6,(44)(45)(46)(47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…This is not surprising, as diverse Brachyspira species show limited variation in their average chromosomal GϩC content (6,(44)(45)(46)(47). The approximated genome size also falls within the range of most members of the Brachyspira genus (range, ϳ2.7 Mb to ϳ3.4 Mb) (6,(44)(45)(46)(47). Ap- plying the recommended Ͻ70% threshold value for DDH (48) to the GGD results, and the Ͻ95 to 96% threshold (49,50) to the ANI and AAI results, these B. hampsonii strains did not fall under the classification of any previously recognized Brachyspira species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over several decades, multiple taxonomic changes were applied to members of this genus (originally Treponema, which was then transferred to Serpula, to Serpulina, and finally to Brachyspira) (2)(3)(4)(5). Currently, the genus Brachyspira consists of eight valid species, B. hyodysenteriae, B. pilosicoli, B. intermedia, B. innocens, B. murdochii, B. aalborgi, B. alvinipulli, and most recently, B. suanatina (1,6). This genus also consists of several provisional species (1), of which the most clinically significant is the recently discovered "Brachyspira hampsonii" (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterization and Recognition of Brachyspira hampsonii sp. nov., a Novel Intestinal Spirochete That Is Pathogenic to Pigs

Mirajkar

Phillips

et al. 2016

J Clin Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

T he genus Brachyspira includes Gram-negative aerotolerant anaerobic spirochetes that colonize the intestine of and/or cause disease in a wide range of host species (1). Over several decades, multiple taxonomic changes were applied to members of this genus (originally Treponema, which was then transferred to Serpula, to Serpulina, and finally to Brachyspira) (2-5). Currently, the genus Brachyspira consists of eight valid species, B. hyodysenteriae, B. pilosicoli, B. intermedia, B. innocens, B. murdochii, B. aalborgi, B. alvinipulli, and most recently, B. suanatina (1, 6). This genus also consists of several provisional species (1), of which the most clinically significant is the recently discovered "Brachyspira hampsonii" (7). Within the Brachyspira genus, all currently identified strongly beta-hemolytic species (B. hyodysenteriae, B. suanatina, and the novel B. hampsonii) are known to cause severe mucohemorrhagic diarrhea in pigs, while weakly beta-hemolytic Brachyspira species are either commensals (B. innocens) or are capable of causing diarrhea and/or colitis (B. pilosicoli, B. murdochii, B. intermedia, B. aalborgi, and B. alvinipulli) in pigs, chickens and/or humans (1). B. hyodysenteriae, the most virulent and clinically significant Brachyspira species, has historically also been the most researched or investigated species. It causes swine dysentery (SD), a disease characterized by mucohemorrhagic diarrhea that is most commonly observed in grower-finisher pigs (1). In addition to the adverse impact on the health and welfare of pigs, its negative effect on productivity (such as decreased weight gain and poor feed conversion) leads to significant economic losses to livestock-raising communities and countries (1). The recently validated B. suanatina also causes SD in pigs; however, its isolation has been limited to a few northern European countries (8). The isolation of different bacterial species from clinically and pathologically indistinguishable dysentery cases of pigs highlights the evolving and expanding etiology of SD. Thus, the definition of SD should include all strongly beta-hemolytic Brachyspira species that cause mucohemorrhagic colitis and dysentery in pigs (9). The genetically diverse B. pilosicoli is the primary etiological agent of colonic spirochetosis, a disease characterized by diarrhea and/or colitis in a wide range of host species, including pigs (porcine intestinal spirochetosis [PIS]) (10), chickens (avian intestinal spirochetosis [AIS]) (11), and human beings (human intestinal spirochetosis [HIS]) (12). AIS also can be caused by other Brachyspira species, including B. intermedia (13) and B. alvinipulli (14), while HIS is also caused by B. aalborgi (15). Although long considered to be a commensal, the association of B. murdochii with mild diarrhea and/or colitis in pigs has been reported (16,17). These Brachyspira-associated disease conditions negatively impact the health and welfare of the affected host species and reduce the productivity of livestock (1).Clinical SD was rarely report...

show abstract

“…This re-emergence has included the identification of novel taxa causing a dysentery-like disease ("Brachyspira hampsonii" and "Brachyspira suanatina") that have been effectively but not validly described (Chander et al 2012;Mushtaq et al 2015;Mirajkar et al 2016b;Perez et al 2016). The specific etiological diagnosis of Brachyspira-associated disease is challenging and relies heavily on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture-based assays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the current state of antimicrobial susceptibility test methods forBrachyspira

Kulathunga

Rubin

2017

Can. J. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The re-emergence of swine dysentery (Brachyspira-associated muco-haemorrhagic colitis) since the late 2000s has illuminated diagnostic challenges associated with this genus. The methods used to detect, identify, and characterize Brachyspira from clinical samples have not been standardized, and laboratories frequently rely heavily on in-house techniques. Particularly concerning is the lack of standardized methods for determining and interpreting the antimicrobial susceptibility of Brachyspira spp. The integration of laboratory data into a treatment plan is a critical component of prudent antimicrobial usage. Therefore, the lack of standardized methods is an important limitation to the evidence-based use of antimicrobials. This review will focus on describing the methodological limitations and inconsistencies between current susceptibility testing schemes employed for Brachyspira, provide an overview of what we do know about the susceptibility of these organisms, and suggest future directions to improve and standardize diagnostic strategies.Key words: Brachyspira, susceptibility test, method standardization, veterinary diagnostics, swine dysentery.Résumé : La réémergence de la dysenterie porcine (colite muco-hémorragique associée à Brachyspira) depuis la fin des années 2000 a mis en lumière les défis diagnostiques associés à ce genre. Les méthodes utilisées pour détecter, identifier et caractériser Brachyspira à partir d'échantillons cliniques n'ont jamais été standardisées et les laboratoires dépendent fréquemment et fortement de méthodes maison. L'absence de méthodes standardisées pour déterminer et interpréter la susceptibilité antimicrobienne de Brachyspira spp. est particulièrement inquiétante. L'intégration de données expérimentales à un plan de traitement est une composante importante de l'utilisation avisée d'antimicrobiens, et l'absence de méthodes standardisées constitue conséquemment une limite importante à l'utilisation d'antimicrobiens fondée sur des données probantes. Cette synthèse se concentrera sur la description des limites méthodologiques et des incohérences actuelles qui existent entre les programmes de tests utilisés pour Brachyspira, fournira un exposé général de ce que les auteurs connaissent de la susceptibilité de ces organismes et suggérera des orientations afin d'améliorer et standardiser les stratégies diagnostiques. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : Brachyspira, test de susceptibilité, standardisation de méthodes, diagnostics vétérinaires, dysenterie porcine.

show abstract

Brachyspira suanatina sp. nov., an enteropathogenic intestinal spirochaete isolated from pigs and mallards: genomic and phenotypic characteristics

Cited by 42 publications

References 57 publications

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Brachyspira Species Isolated from Swine Herds in the United States

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Brachyspira Species Isolated from Swine Herds in the United States

Characterization and Recognition of Brachyspira hampsonii sp. nov., a Novel Intestinal Spirochete That Is Pathogenic to Pigs

A review of the current state of antimicrobial susceptibility test methods forBrachyspira

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About