Bracon brevicornis Genome Showcases the Potential of Linked-Read Sequencing in Identifying a Putative Complementary Sex Determiner Gene

Ferguson, Kim; Pannebakker, Bart A.; Centurión, Alejandra; Heuvel, Joost van den; Nieuwenhuis, Ronald; Becker, Frank; Schijlen, Elio; Thiel, Andra; Zwaan, Bas J.; Verhulst, Eveline C.

doi:10.3390/genes11121390

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Tissue sampling was performed when plants were close to bolting, and DNA was extracted using the protocol from Ferguson et al. (2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Images of leaves (third mature leaf counted from the base) of 10 accessions belonging to different subgroups were taken from 15week-old plants, which were grown in triplicate (Table S32). Tissue sampling was performed when plants were close to bolting, and DNA was extracted using the protocol from Ferguson et al (2020).…”

Section: Experimental Procedures Plant Materials and Dna Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The genome of Lactuca saligna, a wild relative of lettuce, provides insight into non‐host resistance to the downy mildew Bremia lactucae

et al. 2023

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Lactuca saligna L. is a wild relative of cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), with which it is partially interfertile. Hybrid progeny suffer from hybrid incompatibility (HI), resulting in reduced fertility and distorted transmission ratios. Lactuca saligna displays broad-spectrum resistance against lettuce downy mildew caused by Bremia lactucae Regel and is considered a non-host species. This phenomenon of resistance in L. saligna is called non-host resistance (NHR). One possible mechanism behind this NHR is through the plant-pathogen interaction triggered by pathogen recognition receptors, including nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins and receptor-like kinases (RLKs). We report a chromosome-level genome assembly of L. saligna (accession CGN05327), leading to the identification of two large paracentric inversions (>50 Mb) between L. saligna and L. sativa. Genome-wide searches delineated the major resistance clusters as regions enriched in NLRs and RLKs. Three of the enriched regions co-locate with previously identified NHR intervals. RNA-seq analysis of Bremia-infected lettuce identified several differentially expressed RLKs in NHR regions. Three tandem wall-associated kinase-encoding genes (WAKs) in the NHR8 interval display particularly high expression changes at an early stage of infection. We propose RLKs as strong candidates for determinants of the NHR phenotype of L. saligna.

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“…Tissue sampling was performed when plants were close to bolting, and DNA was extracted using the protocol from Ferguson et al. (2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Procedures Plant Materials and Dna Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome of Lactuca saligna, a wild relative of lettuce, provides insight into non‐host resistance to the downy mildew Bremia lactucae

et al. 2023

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“…The diploid males that did successfully mate did not produce viable offspring, as males of this species have non‐functional diploid sperm and thus are effectively sterile (Chuine et al, 2015; Collet et al, 2016). Thiel et al (2014) tested whether female mating discrimination accounts for an unexpectedly low number of diploid males in captive populations (Whiting, 1943; Petters & Mettus, 1980; Ode et al, 1997) of the gregarious ectoparasitoid Bracon brevicornis Wesmael, a biocontrol agent of larval lepidopteran pests that likely has CSD (Ferguson et al, 2020). No discrimination against diploid males was found.…”

Section: Avoidance Mechanisms Of the Non‐eusocial Hymenopteramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas the presence of CSD is detectable with inbreeding assays and the number of csd loci estimable by the number of generations needed for diploid males to appear (Cowan & Stahlhut, 2004; Schrempf et al, 2006; Ma et al, 2013), for all other species these loci are only putative in nature. Surprisingly, the increasing availability of sequenced genomes for CSD species – e.g., B. terrestris and Bombus impatiens Cresson (Sadd et al, 2015), Cotesia congregata (Say) (Gauthier et al, 2021), C. glomerata (Pinto et al, 2021), B. brevicornis (Ferguson et al, 2020) – has not yet resulted in the delineation of additional CSD mechanisms, although candidate regions have been suggested ( B. terrestris , Gadau et al, 2001; B. brevicornis , Ferguson et al, 2020). Knowing the location, identity, and function of csd genes would give better insight for downstream consequences of homozygosity.…”

Section: Future Outlooksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the hymenopteran diploid male vortex: a review of avoidance mechanisms and incidence

Leung

Meulen

2022

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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All hymenopterans (bees, ants, wasps, and sawflies) have haplodiploid sex determination. Generally, this involves haploid males developing from unfertilized eggs and diploid females developing from fertilized eggs, but diploid male production (DMP) frequently occurs. Some species have complementary sex determination (CSD), in which heterozygotes of a csd locus or loci are diploid females, hemizygotes are haploid males, and homozygotes are typically sterile diploid males. These diploid males underlie the diploid male vortex (DMV), the phenomenon of inbreeding reducing csd allelic diversity and causing increasingly higher production of sterile diploid males until the population dies out. The DMV has been cited as an extinction risk for many species across the order and a danger to both human-controlled and natural hymenopteran populations important in biological control, pollination, and endangered species conservation. However, it has been unclear how frequently it occurs. We review the known mechanisms for DMV avoidance. Many of these mechanisms are linked to lifestyle, and so we structure our investigation around eusocial lifestyle and non-eusocial (solitary or gregarious) species. We also review documented DMV incidence to make an inference about its prevalence. There are many means to avoid inbreeding or diploid male production, including eusocial-exclusive polygyny, polyandry, and diploid queen execution. For both eusocial and non-eusocial species these include biological mechanisms such as multi-locus CSD or non-CSD sex determination, diploid male inviability or brood removal, partial diploid male fecundity, and mating avoidance of kin or diploid males; or population genetic mechanisms such as gene flow and dispersal, balancing selection of csd alleles (with some being more prominent in eusocial vs. noneusocial species). Documented cases of DMV are uncommon, and incidence is often tied to exacerbatory conditions such as habitat fragmentation and host declines. With this review we suggest that due to numerous avoidance mechanisms, DMV risk may not be as high as previously believed, and requires specific circumstances. In doing so we aim to better inform hymenopteran breeding and conservation efforts.

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The state of parasitoid wasp genomics

Ye,

Yang,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Trends in Parasitology

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Bracon brevicornis Genome Showcases the Potential of Linked-Read Sequencing in Identifying a Putative Complementary Sex Determiner Gene

Cited by 3 publications

References 61 publications

The genome of Lactuca saligna, a wild relative of lettuce, provides insight into non‐host resistance to the downy mildew Bremia lactucae

The genome of Lactuca saligna, a wild relative of lettuce, provides insight into non‐host resistance to the downy mildew Bremia lactucae

Revisiting the hymenopteran diploid male vortex: a review of avoidance mechanisms and incidence

The state of parasitoid wasp genomics

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