Bradyphrenia and Bradykinesia Both Contribute to Altered Speech in Schizophrenia

Cannizzaro, Michael S.; Cohen, Henrí; Rappard, F.; Snyder, Peter J.

doi:10.1097/01.wnn.0000185278.21352.e5

Cited by 25 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Greater pause variability and the relationship between vocalization and pausing behaviors may reflect the effects of depression on cognitive slowing, showing better association in these measures when completing free speech tasks. Such speculation requires further research and replication, but is consistent with the data obtained in this study and patterns previously observed in persons with schizophrenia (Cannizzaro, Cohen, Reppard, & Snyder, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Voice acoustic measures of depression severity and treatment response collected via interactive voice response (IVR) technology

Mundt

Snyder

Cannizzaro

et al. 2007

Journal of Neurolinguistics

310

207

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Efforts to develop more effective depression treatments are limited by assessment methods that rely on patient-reported or clinician judgments of symptom severity. Depression also affects speech. Research suggests several objective voice acoustic measures affected by depression can be obtained reliably over the telephone. Thirty-five physician-referred patients beginning treatment for depression were assessed weekly, using standard depression severity measures, during a six-week observational study. Speech samples were also obtained over the telephone each week using an IVR system to automate data collection. Several voice acoustic measures correlated significantly with depression severity. Patients responding to treatment had significantly greater pitch variability, paused less while speaking, and spoke faster than at baseline. Patients not responding to treatment did not show similar changes. Telephone standardization for obtaining voice data was identified as a critical factor influencing the reliability and quality of speech data. This study replicates and extends previous research with a larger sample of patients assessing clinical change associated with treatment. The feasibility of obtaining voice acoustic measures reflecting depression severity and response to treatment using computer-automated telephone data collection techniques is also established. Insight and guidance for future research needs are also identified.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Voice acoustic measures of depression severity and treatment response collected via interactive voice response (IVR) technology

Mundt

Snyder

Cannizzaro

et al. 2007

Journal of Neurolinguistics

310

207

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Looking at group differences across all variables, the smallest effect sizes tended to be reported in Mandal et al (1990), Docherty (2012) and Cohen et al (2008) which had little in common. Conversely, the largest effect sizes were reported in Cannizzaro et al (2005), Alpert et al (1997) and Rochester (1978), studies that share no obvious similarity in speaking task or speaking time. That being said, conclusions regarding moderating variables are premature due to the limited number of studies, the overrepresentation of men in these studies and the lack of formal statistical analysis.…”

Section: 0 Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

What do we really know about blunted vocal affect and alogia? A meta-analysis of objective assessments

Cohen

Mitchell

Elvevåg

2014

Schizophrenia Research

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Deficits in nonverbal vocal expression (e.g., blunted vocal affect, alogia) are a hallmark of schizophrenia and are a focus of the Research Domain Criteria initiative from the National Institute of Mental Health. Results from studies using symptom rating scales suggest these deficits are profound; on the order of four to six standard deviations. To complement this endeavor, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies employing objective analysis of natural speech in patients with schizophrenia and nonpsychiatric controls. Thirteen studies, collectively including 480 patients with schizophrenia and 326 nonpsychiatric controls, were identified. There was considerable variability across studies in which aspects of vocal communication were examined and in the magnitudes of deficit. Overall, speech production (reflecting alogia) was impaired at a large effects size level (d = −.80; k = 13), whereas speech variability (reflecting blunted affect) was much more modest (d = −.36; k = 2). Regarding the former, this was largely driven by measures of pause behavior, as opposed to other aspects of speech (e.g., number of words/utterances). On the other hand, ratings of negative symptoms across these studies suggested profound group differences (d = 3.54; k = 4). These data suggest that only certain aspects of vocal expression are affected in schizophrenia, and highlight major discrepancies between symptom rating and objective-based measures. The discussion centers on advancing objective analysis for understanding vocal expression in schizophrenia and for identifying and defining more homogenous patient subsets for study.

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“…However, less pronounced motor disturbances might also affect communication. In fact, parkinsonism in schizophrenia has been shown to alter speech [241], and negative symptoms have been associated with reduced abilities to imitate emotional face expressions and hand gestures [239]. It is further conceivable that symptoms such as dyskinesia or grimacing may disrupt facial emotion expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor Symptoms and Schizophrenia

Walther¹,

Strik²

2012

Neuropsychobiology

308

233

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Classical schizophrenia literature reports motor symptoms as characteristic of the disorder. After the introduction of neuroleptic drugs, the existence of genuine motor disorders was challenged. Renewed interest arose as symptoms were found in never-medicated patients. Reports focused on abnormal involuntary movements, parkinsonism, neurological soft signs, catatonia, negative symptoms, or psychomotor slowing. Since these syndromes refer to different concepts, however, the definitions are not congruent and the symptoms overlap. The prevalence rates of motor symptoms in schizophrenia are surprisingly high, and recent studies indicate a possible pathobiology. In particular, the development and maturation of the human motor system appears to be closely linked to the emergence of motor symptoms observed in schizophrenia. Post-mortem and neuroimaging results demonstrated aberrant structure and function of premotor and motor cortices, basal ganglia, thalamus, and the connecting white matter tracts. Animal models have focused on aberrant neurotransmission and genetic contributions. Findings of localized abnormal oligodendrocyte function and myelination point to the special role of the white matter in schizophrenia, and recent studies specifically found an association between motor abnormalities and white matter structure in schizophrenia. This review of the literature supports the idea that motor symptoms are closely related to the neurodevelopmental disturbances of schizophrenia and a distinct syndromal dimension with its own pathophysiology.

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Bradyphrenia and Bradykinesia Both Contribute to Altered Speech in Schizophrenia

Cited by 25 publications

References 12 publications

Voice acoustic measures of depression severity and treatment response collected via interactive voice response (IVR) technology

Voice acoustic measures of depression severity and treatment response collected via interactive voice response (IVR) technology

What do we really know about blunted vocal affect and alogia? A meta-analysis of objective assessments

Motor Symptoms and Schizophrenia

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