Braille display terminal for personal computers

Application of an Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System for the Optimal Design of a Chinese Braille Display

“…In today s Braille displays market, the popular machines are still the piezoelectric actuated and electromagnetic actuator actuated Braille display with 8 to 40 display cells owing to the durability of machine and the user habits that Braille is read by brushing across the Braille dots (pin-heads). In the previous researches of the electromagnetic actuator actuated display, FriskenGibson et al [4] announced the tactile display in 1987, and Sriskanthan [5] also presented their Braille terminal in 1990. However, they only introduced how to operate the hardware and software.…”

Tactile web navigator device for blind and visually impaired people

“…Braille Display Terminal (BDT) that recognizes the text on the screen and displays it in the Braille display has been reported in [7]. This is a cell-based unit which displays 40 characters at a time.…”

“…Character by character sound output is very slow for interactive use of computers. A soft Braille display device, on the other hand, allows the users to "read" the characters at their own pace and make on-line changes instantaneously [1].…”

“…Most of the access means available to visually impaired people are expensive and not dedicated to the internet navigation, e.g. [1]. The major issue among these tools is their high cost [2], [3] and [4].…”

Applied CAD and ANFIS to the Chinese Braille display optimization

“…Sixtyfour solenoids (8 £ 8 pins) are used and evenly spread in two layers for translating a visual image to the four-level raised pins. In 1990, Sriskanthan and Subramanian [2] intended to use relays as actuators. In this study, a fully functional 40-cell Braille display terminal was presented, and visually handicapped people can use it to access IBM PCs.…”