“…Given the prevalence of environmental smoking-related cues, it is important to better understand smokers’ reactivity to these cues in order to prevent relapse more effectively. Consistent with this reported association between relapse and the presence of smoking cues, many laboratory studies have demonstrated that smokers have greater reactivity to cigarette-related cues than non-cigarette-related cues by measuring self-reported craving (Payne, Smith, Sturges, & Holleran, 1996; Sayette, Martin, Wertz, Shiffman, & Perrott, 2001; Tidey, Rohsenow, Kaplan, & Swift, 2005), attentional bias (Ehrman, et al, 2002; Hogarth, Mogg, Bradley, Duka, & Dickinson, 2003; Waters, Shiffman, Bradley, & Mogg, 2003), event-related potentials (Parker & Gilbert, 2008; Versace, Minnix, et al, 2011; Versace, et al, 2010) and hemodynamic response (David, et al, 2005; Due, Huettel, Hall, & Rubin, 2002; Smolka, et al, 2006). …”