Brain Activity During Predictable and Unpredictable Weight Changes When Lifting Objects

Schmitz, Christina; Jenmalm, Per; Ehrsson, H. Henrik; Forssberg, Hans

doi:10.1152/jn.00230.2004

Cited by 68 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…This is consistent with our previous fMRI experiment, in which we found right-sided supramarginal activation when the weight of the object was changed in an irregular manner compared with when the same weight was lifted in consecutive lifts (Schmitz et al, 2005). Because a block design was used in the previous study, the present results obtained by an event-related design provide more compelling evidence that the supramarginal cortex is activated at the time point when the weight is actually changed.…”

Section: Mismatch Between Predicted and Actual Weight And Updating Ofsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In our previous study (Schmitz et al, 2005), we also found activity in the right inferior frontal cortex (area 44) in lifting series with predictable or unpredictable weight changes. This finding could not be confirmed in the present study.…”

Section: )supporting

confidence: 55%

“…All subjects had given their written informed consent, and the study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Karolinska Hospital. The nonmagnetic-instrumented test object has been described previously (Schmitz et al, 2005). Briefly, it had two vertical flat parallel contact surfaces that were covered with sandpaper.…”

Section: Subjects and Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the statistical inference, we report clusters of voxels that corresponded to p Ͻ 0.05 after correction for multiple comparisons in the entire brain (Family-WiseError correction). For the left primary sensorimotor cortex (Ϫ36, Ϫ24, 51), bilateral cerebellum, and right posterior parietal cortex, where we had strong a priori hypotheses, we used small volume corrections using peaks taken from a previous study: left primary motor cortex: sphere at Ϫ36, Ϫ24, 51 (20 mm radius); bilateral cerebellum: sphere at Ϯ33, Ϫ63, Ϫ30 (20 mm radius); right inferior parietal cortex: sphere at 57, Ϫ33, 30 (20 mm radius) (Schmitz et al, 2005).…”

Section: Random-effect Analysis (Level 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesized that the primary sensorimotor cortex and the cerebellum would be involved in these corrective mechanisms because they receive strong somatosen-sory input from the fingertips and control hand muscle activity (Picard and Smith, 1992;Maier et al, 1993;Dettmers et al, 1995;Lemon et al, 1998;Monzee and Smith, 2004) Brain areas that were activated during the unpredictable weight changes, regardless of whether the weight is heavier or lighter, would likely represent neural circuits involved in the mismatch detection between the predicted and actual sensory information and the subsequent updating of the sensorimotor memories (Johansson, 1998;Wolpert and Ghahramani, 2000). Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that the cerebellum (Doya, 1999;Kawato, 1999;Blakemore et al, 2001), and frontal and parietal areas associated with object manipulation (Schmitz et al, 2005), would show such increases in synaptic activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lighter or Heavier Than Predicted: Neural Correlates of Corrective Mechanisms during Erroneously Programmed Lifts

Jenmalm¹,

Schmitz²,

Forssberg³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

103

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A central concept in neuroscience is that the CNS signals the sensory discrepancy between the predicted and actual sensory consequences of action. It has been proposed that the cerebellum and parietal cortex are involved in this process. A discrepancy will trigger preprogrammed corrective responses and update the engaged sensorimotor memories. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging with an event-related design to investigate the neuronal correlates of such discrepancies. Healthy adults repeatedly lifted an object between their right index fingers and thumbs, and on some lifting trials, the weight of the object was unpredictably changed between light (230 g) and heavy (830 g). Regardless of whether the weight was heavier or lighter than predicted, activity was found in the right inferior parietal cortex (supramarginal gyrus). This suggests that this region is involved in the comparison of the predicted and actual sensory input and the updating of the sensorimotor memories. When the object was lighter or heavier than predicted, two different types of preprogrammed force corrections occurred. There was a slow force increase when the weight of the object was heavier than predicted. This corrective response was associated with activity in the left primary motor and somatosensory cortices. The fast termination of the excessive force when the object was lighter than predicted activated the right cerebellum. These findings show how the parietal cortex, cerebellum, and motor cortex are involved in the signaling of the discrepancy between predicated and actual sensory feedback and the associated corrective mechanisms.

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Section: Mismatch Between Predicted and Actual Weight And Updating Ofsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: )supporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Subjects and Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Random-effect Analysis (Level 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Lighter or Heavier Than Predicted: Neural Correlates of Corrective Mechanisms during Erroneously Programmed Lifts

Jenmalm¹,

Schmitz²,

Forssberg³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Relation between muscle and brain activity during isometric contractions of the first dorsal interosseus muscle

Duinen¹,

Renken²,

Maurits³

et al. 2007

Human Brain Mapping

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We studied the relationship between muscle activity (electromyography, EMG), force, and brain activity during isometric contractions of the index finger, on a group and individual level. Ten subjects contracted their right or left index finger at 5, 15, 30, 50, and 70% of their maximal force. Subjects received visual feedback of the produced force. We focused our analysis on brain activation that correlated with EMG. Brain activity of specific anatomical areas (region-of-interest analysis, ROI) was quantified and correlated with EMG activity. Furthermore, we tried to distinguish between brain areas in which activity was modulated by the amount of EMG and areas that were active during the task but in which the activity was not modulated. Therefore, we used two regressors simultaneously: (1) the produced EMG and (2) the task (a categorical regressor). As expected, activity in the motor areas (contralateral sensorimotor cortex, premotor areas, and ipsilateral cerebellum) strongly correlated with the amount of EMG. In contrast, activity in frontal and parietal areas (inferior part of the right precentral sulcus, ipsilateral supramarginal gyrus, bilateral inferior parietal lobule, bilateral putamen, and insular cortex) correlated with activation per se, independently of the amount of EMG. Activity in these areas was equal during contractions of the right or left index finger. We suppose that these areas are more involved in higher order motor processes during the preparatory phase or monitoring feedback mechanisms. Furthermore, our ROI analysis showed that muscle and brain activity strongly correlate in traditional motor areas, both at group and at subject level.

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Differential force scaling of fine‐graded power grip force in the sensorimotor network

Keisker

Hepp-Reymond

Blickenstorfer

et al. 2009

Human Brain Mapping

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Force scaling in the sensorimotor network during generation and control of static or dynamic grip force has been the subject of many investigations in monkeys and human subjects. In human, the relationship between BOLD signal in cortical and subcortical regions and force still remains controversial. With respect to grip force, the modulation of the BOLD signal has been mostly studied for forces often reaching high levels while little attention has been given to the low range for which electrophysiological neuronal correlates have been demonstrated. We thus conducted a whole-brain fMRI study on the control of fine-graded force in the low range, using a power grip and three force conditions in a block design. Participants generated on a dynamometer visually guided repetitive force pulses (ca. 0.5 Hz), reaching target forces of 10%, 20%, and 30% of maximum voluntary contraction. Regions of interest analysis disclosed activation in the entire cortical and subcortical sensorimotor network and significant force-related modulation in several regions, including primary motor (M1) and somatosensory cortex, ventral premotor and inferior parietal areas, and cerebellum. The BOLD signal, however, increased monotonically with force only in contralateral M1 and ipsilateral anterior cerebellum. The remaining regions were activated with force in various nonlinear manners, suggesting that other factors such as visual input, attention, and muscle recruitment also modulate the BOLD signal in this visuomotor task. These findings demonstrate that various regions of the sensorimotor network participate differentially in the production and control of fine-graded grip forces.

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Brain Activity During Predictable and Unpredictable Weight Changes When Lifting Objects

Cited by 68 publications

References 59 publications

Lighter or Heavier Than Predicted: Neural Correlates of Corrective Mechanisms during Erroneously Programmed Lifts

Lighter or Heavier Than Predicted: Neural Correlates of Corrective Mechanisms during Erroneously Programmed Lifts

Relation between muscle and brain activity during isometric contractions of the first dorsal interosseus muscle

Differential force scaling of fine‐graded power grip force in the sensorimotor network

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