Brain and behavior changes associated with an abbreviated 4‐week mindfulness‐based stress reduction course in back pain patients

Braden, B. Blair; Pipe, Teri Britt; Smith, Ryan; Glaspy, Tyler K.; Deatherage, Brandon R.; Baxter, Leslie C.

doi:10.1002/brb3.443

Cited by 53 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…This is thought to reduce unconscious thoughts that negatively impact various aspects of health (emotional, spiritual, and physical) [40]. A pilot study has documented frontal lobe regulation of emotional awareness using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) when comparing the effects of 4 weeks of MBSR training to a control group using stress reduction reading [41]. …”

Section: Mind-body Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative medicine in cancer survivors

Viscuse¹,

Price

Millstine

et al. 2017

Current Opinion in Oncology

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Purpose of review Due to medical advances and an aging population, the number of cancer survivors continues to rise. Survivors often experience late and long-term sequelae of cancer and its treatment (e.g. fatigue, pain, fear of recurrence, and stress). As a result, some patients have utilized or expressed interest in integrative medicine modalities for prevention of recurrence, optimizing health, enhancing quality of life, and managing symptoms. The purpose of this review is to focus on research published during the past year that informs our understanding of the utility of integrative medicine for cancer survivors. Recent findings Physical activity, diet, dietary supplements, mind-body modalities, acupuncture, and massage therapy all may play a role in the management of the physical (e.g. fatigue and pain) and emotional (e.g. anxiety and fear) issues faced by cancer survivors. Summary Integrative medicine therapies are appealing to and utilized by many cancer survivors and may reduce symptom burden. Clinicians who provide cancer survivorship care may improve patient care by understanding the evidence for and against their use.

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Section: Mind-body Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative medicine in cancer survivors

Viscuse¹,

Price

Millstine

et al. 2017

Current Opinion in Oncology

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“…Many attempts have been made to shorten mindfulness programmes to make them more feasible and accessible for general and clinical populations while maintaining their therapeutic components and efficacy, adapting them to the specific target populations and contexts. For instance, variations can be found in the number of sessions (ranging from 4 to 7 sessions), the length of the sessions (from 1 to 2-h sessions), and in the presence and length of the all-day session (ranging from not available to a 6-h all-day session), always taking as reference the 2.5-h, 8-session standard from MBSR, including a 1-day, all-day session of 8 h (Carmody and Baer, 2009 ; Klatt et al, 2009 ; Fortney et al, 2013 ; Morrison et al, 2013 ; Bergen-Cico et al, 2014 ; Braden et al, 2016 ; Schroeder et al, 2016 ). Some of these modified programmes have had their efficacy assessed in different populations, such as, patients and professionals (Fortney et al, 2013 ; Bergen-Cico et al, 2014 ; Braden et al, 2016 ; Schroeder et al, 2016 ), young workers (Klatt et al, 2009 ), and students (Morrison et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of 8- and 4-Session Mindfulness-Based Interventions in a Non-clinical Population: A Controlled Study

et al. 2017

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Background: Many attempts have been made to abbreviate mindfulness programmes in order to make them more accessible for general and clinical populations while maintaining their therapeutic components and efficacy. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) programme and a 4-week abbreviated version for the improvement of well-being in a non-clinical population.Method: A quasi-experimental, controlled, pilot study was conducted with pre-post and 6-month follow-up measurements and three study conditions (8- and 4-session MBI programmes and a matched no-treatment control group, with a sample of 48, 46, and 47 participants in each condition, respectively). Undergraduate students were recruited, and mindfulness, positive and negative affect, self-compassion, resilience, anxiety, and depression were assessed. Mixed-effects multi-level analyses for repeated measures were performed.Results: The intervention groups showed significant improvements compared to controls in mindfulness and positive affect at the 2- and 6-month follow-ups, with no differences between 8- vs. 4-session programmes. The only difference between the abbreviated MBI vs. the standard MBI was found in self-kindness at 6 months, favoring the standard MBI. There were marginal differences in anxiety between the controls vs. the abbreviated MBI, but there were differences between the controls vs. the standard MBI at 2- and 6-months, with higher levels in the controls. There were no differences in depression between the controls vs. the abbreviated MBI, but differences were found between the controls vs. the standard MBI at 2- and 6-months, favoring the standard MBI. There were no differences with regard to negative affect and resilience.Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to directly investigate the efficacy of a standard 8-week MBI and a 4-week abbreviated protocol in the same population. Based on our findings, both programmes performed better than controls, with similar effect size (ES). The efficacy of abbreviated mindfulness programmes may be similar to that of a standard MBI programme, making them potentially more accessible for a larger number of populations. Nevertheless, further studies with more powerful designs to compare the non-inferiority of the abbreviated protocol and addressing clinical populations are warranted.Clinical Trials.gov Registration ID: NCT02643927

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“…While it was surprising to us that posterior cingulate thickness did not predict the psilocybin emotional experience due to the structure's previous associations with psilocybin [46], our results further highlight the importance of anterior cingulate in emotional processing. For example, others have found the anterior cingulate to be involved in emotional and self-processing in healthy controls [47,48], and anterior cingulate activity changes have been associated with Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction interventions in back pain patients with depression [49]. While the amygdala is typically considered the key limbic structure with a central role in emotion [50], emotional control is considered a "top-down" regulation process from several areas of frontal cortex [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rostral Anterior Cingulate Thickness Predicts the Emotional Psilocybin Experience

Lewis

Preller²,

Braden

et al. 2020

Biomedicines

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Psilocybin is the psychoactive compound of mushrooms in the psilocybe species. Psilocybin directly affects a number of serotonin receptors, with highest affinity for the serotonin 2A receptor (5HT-2Ar). Generally, the effects of psilocybin, and its active metabolite psilocin, are well established and include a range of cognitive, emotional, and perceptual perturbations. Despite the generality of these effects, there is a high degree of inter-individual variability in subjective psilocybin experiences that are not well understood. Others have shown brain morphology metrics derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can predict individual drug response. Due to high expression of serotonin 2A receptors (5HT-2Ar) in the cingulate cortex, and its prior associations with psilocybin, we investigate if cortical thickness of this structure predicts the psilocybin experience in healthy adults. We hypothesized that greater cingulate thickness would predict higher subjective ratings in sub-scales of the Five-Dimensional Altered State of Consciousness (5D-ASC) with high emotionality in healthy participants (n = 55) who received oral psilocybin (either low dose: 0.160 mg/kg or high dose: 0.215 mg/kg). After controlling for sex, age, and using false discovery rate (FDR) correction, we found the rostral anterior cingulate predicted all four emotional sub-scales, whereas the caudal and posterior cingulate did not. How classic psychedelic compounds induce such large inter-individual variability in subjective states has been a long-standing question in serotonergic research. These results extend the traditional set and setting hypothesis of the psychedelic experience to include brain structure metrics.

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Brain and behavior changes associated with an abbreviated 4‐week mindfulness‐based stress reduction course in back pain patients

Cited by 53 publications

References 59 publications

Integrative medicine in cancer survivors

Integrative medicine in cancer survivors

Efficacy of 8- and 4-Session Mindfulness-Based Interventions in a Non-clinical Population: A Controlled Study

Rostral Anterior Cingulate Thickness Predicts the Emotional Psilocybin Experience

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