Brain Arousal Regulation in Carriers of Bipolar Disorder Risk Alleles

Jawinski, Philippe; Sander, Christian; Mauche, Nicole; Spada, Janek; Huang, Jue; Schmidt, Anna Marie; Häntzsch, Madlen; Burkhardt, Ralph; Scholz, Markus; Hegerl, Ulrich; Hensch, Tilman

doi:10.1159/000437438

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Arousal regulation is a fundamental trait and potential endophenotype [130,131], which, according to the proposed vigilance regulation model, not only modulates, but also triggers normal and abnormal behaviour. The newly developed and validated EEG-based algorithm VI-GALL promises progress in research on confounding, modulating and moderating roles of arousal on behaviour.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Wakefulness and Brain Arousal Regulation in Psychiatric Research

Sander¹,

Hensch²,

Wittekind³

et al. 2015

Neuropsychobiology

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tion of wakefulness to the environmental and situational needs so that the optimal balance between energy conservation and responsiveness can be obtained. Since one approach to the assessment of brain arousal regulation is the classification of EEG vigilance stages, a computer-based algorithm (Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig) has been introduced, allowing classification of EEG vigilance stages in EEG recordings under resting conditions. The time course of EEG vigilance stages in EEGs of 15-20 min duration allows estimation of the individual arousal regulation (hyperstable, adaptive, or unstable vigilance pattern). The vigilance model of affective disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder links a disturbed arousal regulation to the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders and accordingly helps to explain and possibly also predict treatment effects of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for these conditions. AbstractDuring the last few decades, much knowledge has been gained about sleep being a heterogeneous condition with several distinct sleep stages that represent fundamentally different physiological states. The same applies for the wake state which also comprises distinct global functional states (called vigilance stages). However, various terms and concepts have been introduced describing different aspects of wakefulness, and accordingly several methods of assessment exist, e.g. sleep laboratory assessments (Multiple Sleep Latency Test, Maintenance of Wakefulness Test), questionnaires (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale), behavioural tasks (Psychomotor Vigilance Test) or electroencephalography (EEG)-based assessments (Alpha Attenuation Test, Karolinska Drowsiness Test). Furthermore, several theoretical concepts about the regulation of sleep and wakefulness have been put forward, and physiological correlates have been identified. Most relevant for healthy functioning is the regulation of brain arousal and the adap-

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Wakefulness and Brain Arousal Regulation in Psychiatric Research

Sander¹,

Hensch²,

Wittekind³

et al. 2015

Neuropsychobiology

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“…As a consequence, differences in EPs found between different arousal states could simply be due to preexisting trait differences. Additionally, the EEG-vigilance stage groups might also differ concerning such variables as sex and age [ 60 ], which are also associated with EP amplitudes [ 61 – 63 ]. To avoid these systematic biases, the following steps of analyses were run, in each case based on the same subjects: First, the effect of brain arousal states on EPs and behavioral parameters was analyzed in a repeated measures ANOVA with factor EEG - Vigilance stages , comprising stage A (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evoked potentials and behavioral performance during different states of brain arousal

et al. 2017

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BackgroundPrevious studies compared evoked potentials (EPs) between several sleep stages but only one uniform wake state. However, using electroencephalography (EEG), several arousal states can be distinguished before sleep onset. Recently, the Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig (VIGALL 2.0) has been developed, which automatically attributes one out of seven EEG-vigilance stages to each 1-s EEG segment, ranging from stage 0 (associated with cognitively active wakefulness), to stages A1, A2 and A3 (associated with relaxed wakefulness), to stages B1 and B2/3 (associated with drowsiness) up to stage C (indicating sleep onset). Applying VIGALL, we specified the effects of these finely differentiated EEG-vigilance stages (indicating arousal states) on EPs (P1, N1, P2, N300, MMN and P3) and behavioral performance. Subjects underwent an ignored and attended condition of a 2-h eyes-closed oddball-task. Final analysis included 43 subjects in the ignored and 51 subjects in the attended condition. First, the effect of brain arousal states on EPs and performance parameters were analyzed between EEG-vigilance stages A (i.e. A1, A2 and A3 combined), B1 and B2/3&C (i.e. B2/3 and C combined). Then, in a second step, the effects of the finely differentiated EEG-vigilance stages were further specified.ResultsComparing stages A versus B1 versus B2/3&C, a significant effect of EEG-vigilance stages on all behavioral parameters and all EPs, with exception of MMN and P3, was found. By applying VIGALL, a more detailed view of arousal effects on EP and performance was possible, such as the finding that the P2 showed no further significant increase in stages deeper than B1. Stage 0 did not differ from any of the A-stages. Within more fine-graded stages, such as the A-substages, EPs and performance only partially differed. However, these analyses were partly based on small sample sizes and future studies should take effort to get enough epochs of rare stages (such as A3 and C).ConclusionsA clear impact of arousal on EPs and behavioral performance was obtained, which emphasize the necessity to consider arousal effects when interpreting EPs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12868-017-0340-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Repeated measures analyses of variance (RM‐ANOVAs) were performed with the mean vigilance values as endpoints . The models included group as a between‐subjects factor ( control vs manic or control vs depressive or manic vs depressive ) and recording time as a within‐subject factor (five levels with averages calculated from three‐minute periods).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%