Brain Biomarkers in Children After Mild and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Sorokina, Elena M.; Semenova, Zhanna B.; Реутов, В. П.; Arsenieva, E N; Карасева, О. В.; Фисенко, А. П.; Roshal, L. M.; Pinelis, V. G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59436-7_22

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This sustains neutrophil activation, triggering persistent hypoxia and neuronal death [ 110 ]. Sorokina et al [ 111 ] suggested the involvement of nitric oxide and its products in immune responses and that traumatic brain injuries (TBI) may be accompanied by nitrosative stress. Regarding the first two days of mild-to-moderate vs. severe TBI, these authors suggested that the opposed natural levels of NR2 (NMDA) antibodies could be related to a key mechanism that operates to protect neurons from Glu excitotoxicity.…”

Section: Neonatal Hypoxic–ischemic Encephalopathy: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of Perinatal Asphyxia in Humans and Animal Models

et al. 2022

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Perinatal asphyxia is caused by lack of oxygen delivery (hypoxia) to end organs due to an hypoxemic or ischemic insult occurring in temporal proximity to labor (peripartum) or delivery (intrapartum). Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy is the clinical manifestation of hypoxic injury to the brain and is usually graded as mild, moderate, or severe. The search for useful biomarkers to precisely predict the severity of lesions in perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a field of increasing interest. As pathophysiology is not fully comprehended, the gold standard for treatment remains an active area of research. Hypothermia has proven to be an effective neuroprotective strategy and has been implemented in clinical routine. Current studies are exploring various add-on therapies, including erythropoietin, xenon, topiramate, melatonin, and stem cells. This review aims to perform an updated integration of the pathophysiological processes after perinatal asphyxia in humans and animal models to allow us to answer some questions and provide an interim update on progress in this field.

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Section: Neonatal Hypoxic–ischemic Encephalopathy: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of Perinatal Asphyxia in Humans and Animal Models

et al. 2022

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“…The expression and distribution of these membrane receptors antibodies might hold important clues for the neuropsychiatric symptoms we observed. However, neural autoantibodies do not always play a role in inducing neuropsychiatric dysfunction-they can function protectively in glutamate excitotoxicity in mild TBI in children, such as the antibody against the NR2 subunit of the NMDAR as Sorokina et al hypothesized in their study [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mild Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Brain Injury Associated with Serum Anti-AP3B2 Autoantibodies: Report and Literature Review

et al. 2021

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Background: Chronic traumatic brain injury is a condition that predisposes the brain to activate B-cells and produce neural autoantibodies. Anti-adaptor protein 3, subunit B2 (AP3B2) autoantibodies have thus far been associated with diseases affecting the cerebellum or vestibulocerebellum. Through this case report, we aim to broaden the spectrum of anti-AP3B2-associated disease. Case description: We report on a 51-year-old woman with a brain injury approximately 28 years ago who recently underwent neuropsychological testing, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (cMRI), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Neural autoantibodies were determined in serum and CSF. Our patient suffered from mild cognitive impairment (amnestic MCI, multiple domains) with stable memory deficits and a decline in verbal fluency and processing speed within a two-year interval after the first presentation in our memory clinic. Brain MRI showed brain damage in the right temporoparietal, frontolateral region and thalamus, as well as in the left posterior border of the capsula interna and white matter in the frontal region. Since the brain damage, she suffered paresis of the upper extremities on the left side and lower extremities on the right side as well as gait disturbance. Our search for autoantibodies revealed anti-AP3B2 autoantibodies in serum. Conclusions: Our report expands the spectrum of symptoms to mild cognitive impairment in addition to a gait disturbance associated with anti-AP3B2 autoantibodies. Furthermore, it is conceivable that a prior traumatic brain injury could initiate the development of anti-AP3B2-antibody-associated brain autoimmunity, reported here for the first time.

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“…In a post mortem study by Cronberg et al (2011), the severity and extent of ischemic brain damage were positively correlated with NSE concentrations [ 49 ]. However, in children with traumatic brain injuries, NSE levels on the first day after the trauma were not a strict criterion for injury outcomes [ 50 ]. The low levels of NSE in the serum might be also attributed to differences in the duration of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concordance between the In Vivo Content of Neurospecific Proteins (BDNF, NSE, VILIP-1, S100B) in the Hippocampus and Blood in Patients with Epilepsy

Tikhonova,

Shvaikovskaya,

Zhanaeva

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The identification of reliable brain-specific biomarkers in periphery contributes to better understanding of normal neurophysiology and neuropsychiatric diseases. The neurospecific proteins BDNF, NSE, VILIP-1, and S100B play an important role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, including epilepsy. This study aimed to assess the correspondence of the expression of BDNF, NSE, VILIP-1, and S100B in the blood (serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)) to the in vivo hippocampal levels of subjects with drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent neurosurgery (N = 44) using multiplex solid-phase analysis, ELISA, and immunohistochemical methods, as well as to analyze the correlations and associations of the blood and hippocampal levels of these proteins with clinical parameters. We first studied the concordance between in vivo brain and blood levels of BDNF, NSE, VILIP-1, and S100B in epileptic patients. A positive correlation for NSE between hippocampal and PBMC levels was revealed. NSE levels in PBMCs were also significantly correlated with average seizure duration. BDNF levels in PBMCs were associated with seizure frequency and hippocampal sclerosis. Thus, NSE and BDNF levels in PBMCs may have potential as clinically significant biomarkers. Significant correlations between the levels of the neurospecific proteins studied herein suggest interactions between BDNF, NSE, VILIP-1, and S100B in the pathophysiology of epilepsy.

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Brain Biomarkers in Children After Mild and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Pathophysiology of Perinatal Asphyxia in Humans and Animal Models

Pathophysiology of Perinatal Asphyxia in Humans and Animal Models

Mild Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Brain Injury Associated with Serum Anti-AP3B2 Autoantibodies: Report and Literature Review

Concordance between the In Vivo Content of Neurospecific Proteins (BDNF, NSE, VILIP-1, S100B) in the Hippocampus and Blood in Patients with Epilepsy

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