Brain Computer Interface Switch Based on Quasi-Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials

Kaya, Ibrahim; Bohórquez, Jorge; Özdamar, Özcan

doi:10.1109/ner.2019.8716894

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The sequences were designed to be orthogonal to obtain individual responses to each display field. Low jittered, low noise amplification sequences similar to [27,28,31] were used. These sequences have low jitter and thus, resemble the steady-state iso-chronic stimulation sequences.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A BCI Gaze Sensing Method Using Low Jitter Code Modulated VEP

Kaya

Bohórquez

Özdamar

2019

Sensors

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Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are used in clinical applications in ophthalmology, neurology, and extensively in brain–computer interface (BCI) research. Many BCI implementations utilize steady-state VEP (SSVEP) and/or code modulated VEP (c-VEP) as inputs, in tandem with sophisticated methods to improve information transfer rates (ITR). There is a gap in knowledge regarding the adaptation dynamics and physiological generation mechanisms of the VEP response, and the relation of these factors with BCI performance. A simple, dual pattern display setup was used to evoke VEPs and to test signatures elicited by non-isochronic, non-singular, low jitter stimuli at the rates of 10, 32, 50, and 70 reversals per second (rps). Non-isochronic, low-jitter stimulation elicits quasi-steady-state VEPs (QSS-VEPs) that are utilized for the simultaneous generation of transient VEP and QSS-VEP. QSS-VEP is a special case of c-VEPs, and it is assumed that it shares similar generators of the SSVEPs. Eight subjects were recorded, and the performance of the overall system was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, accuracy plots, and ITRs. In summary, QSS-VEPs performed better than transient VEPs (TR-VEP). It was found that in general, 32 rps stimulation had the highest ROC area, accuracy, and ITRs. Moreover, QSS-VEPs were found to lead to higher accuracy by template matching compared to SSVEPs at 32 rps. To investigate the reasons behind this, adaptation dynamics of transient VEPs and QSS-VEPs at all four rates were analyzed and speculated.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A BCI Gaze Sensing Method Using Low Jitter Code Modulated VEP

Kaya

Bohórquez

Özdamar

2019

Sensors

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“…and jitter but similar rate(Table 1). Low jittered, low noise amplification sequences similar to were used[20][21]23]. These sequences have low jitter and thus resemble the steady state isochronic stimulation sequences.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

BCI Gaze Sensing Method Using Low Jitter Code Modulated VEP

Kaya¹,

Bohórquez²,

Özdamar³

2019

Preprint

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Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) are used in clinical applications in ophthalmology, neurology and extensively in brain computer interface (BCI) research. BCI literature covers steady state VEP (SSVEP) and code modulated VEP (c-VEP) BCIs along with sophisticated methods to improve information transfer rates (ITR). There is a gap of knowledge regarding the VEP adaptation dynamics, physiological generation mechanisms and relation with BCI performance. A simple dual display VEP switch was developed to test signatures elicited by non-isochronic, non-singular, low jitter stimuli at the rates of 10, 32, 50 and 70 reversals per second (rps). Non-isochronic, low-jitter stimulation elicits Quasi-Steady-State VEPs (QSS-VEPs) that are utilized for simultaneous generation of transient VEP and QSS-VEP. QSS-VEP is a special case of c-VEPs and it is assumed that it shares the similar generators of the SSVEPs. Eight subjects were recorded and the performance of the overall system was analyzed by means of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, accuracy plots and ITRs. In summary QSS-VEPs performed better than transient VEPs. It was found that in general 32rps stimulation had the highest ROC area, accuracy and ITRs in general. To investigate the reasons behind this, adaptation dynamics of transient VEPs and QSS-VEPs at all four rates were analyzed and speculated. Moreover, QSS-VEPs were found to lead to higher accuracy by the template matching compared to SSVEPs at 10rps and 32rps.

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Brain Computer Interface Switch Based on Quasi-Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

A BCI Gaze Sensing Method Using Low Jitter Code Modulated VEP

A BCI Gaze Sensing Method Using Low Jitter Code Modulated VEP

BCI Gaze Sensing Method Using Low Jitter Code Modulated VEP

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