Brain computerized tomography in subtypes of severe chronic schizophrenia

Stahl, Stephen M.; Jernigan, Terry L.; Pfefferbaum, Adolf; Zatz, Leslie M.

doi:10.1017/s0033291700001902

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Indirect support for a significant reduction in cortical and hence cerebral volume accrues from CT studies reporting sulcal enlargement, and in particular Sylvian fissure widening, in schizophrenia (Reider et al 1979;Weinberger et al 1979;Takahashi et al 1981;Nasrallah et al 1982;Dewan et al 1986;Pfefferbaum et al 1988;Rossi et al 1988;Shelton et al 1988;Stahl et al 1988;Vita et al 1988;Scottish Schizophrenia Research Group, 1989;Serban et al 1990). Although volumetric measurements have rarely been used, the idea that a reduction in cortical or cerebral volume underlies this observation is implicit in such studies (DeLisi & Goldin, 1987;Johnstone et al 1989;Pearlson et al 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of widespread sulcal enlargement, repeatedly reported in CT studies (Weinberger et al 1979;Takahashi et al 1981;Nasrallah et al 1982;Rieder et al 1983;Pfefferbaum et al 1988;Rossi et al 1988;Stahl et al 1988;Vita et al 1988;Scottish Schizophrenia Research Group, 1989), may be an indicator of such pathological changes in the underlying brain parenchyma. Although the specific location of these abnormalities remains uncertain they may predominantly affect the cortex (Pakkenberg, 1987), as appears to be the case when there is loss of volume in the temporal lobe (Suddath et al 1989(Suddath et al , 1990.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Reduction of cortical volume in schizophrenia on magnetic resonance imaging

et al. 1993

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SYNOPSIS The MRI scans of 48 schizophrenic patients, fulfilling RDC criteria, were compared to those of 34 healthy controls matched for age, ethnicity and parental social class. The volume of the frontal and anterior parietal lobes was significantly reduced in the schizophrenic group as a result of a selective decrease in cortical volume, with a corresponding increase in the volume of sulcal fluid. Reduction in the volume of the temporal grey matter was more marked on the right, but was not in excess of the loss of volume observed in other areas of the cortex. MRI abnormalities correlated poorly with clinical parameters, although both unemployment and poor pre-morbid adjustment predicted reduced cerebral volume and increased sulcal volume. These results question whether the medial temporal lobes are the only site of structural pathology in schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Reduction of cortical volume in schizophrenia on magnetic resonance imaging

et al. 1993

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“…This population is described in detail elsewhere. 42 Briefly, an attempt was made to find a group of patients who would represent the most severely and chronically ill schizophrenic patients. It was hypothesized that they would be more likely than other schizophrenic patients to have CT measures that differed from controls and that the magnitude of their CT changes would also be greater than those of less severely and chronically affected schizophrenic patients.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed Tomographic Evidence for Generalized Sulcal and Ventricular Enlargement in Schizophrenia

Pfefferbaum

Zipursky

Lim

et al. 1988

Arch Gen Psychiatry

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109

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\s=b\Quantification of ventricular and sulcal volumes from the computed tomographic (CT) scans of 45 schizophrenic patients and 57 normal controls was carried out using a semiautomated computerized approach. The sizes of all cerebrospinal fluid spaces measured were significantly related to age in the control population. An age regression model was used to compare patients and controls. Schizophrenics had slightly larger ventricles and considerably larger sulci than controls. Enlargement of the ventricles and sulci was not correlated with measures of negative symptoms or neuropsychological Impairment. The CT scans of eight very ill chronically institutionalized schizophrenics were also analyzed. Their CT findings did not differ significantly from the larger group of schizophrenics studied. Our results show that the cerebral atrophy found in schizophrenia is diffuse in nature and does not relate clearly to measures of disease severity or chronicity.

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“…Det videre arbejde inden for dette forskningsfelt (f.eks. Buchsbaum, 1987;Buchsbaum & Haier, 1987;Buchsbaum et al, 1990;Goldberg at al., 1987;Goldberg et al, 1990;Kaiya et al, 1989;Karson et al, 1987;Mathew & Wilson, 1990;Meltzer, 1987;Morice, 1990;Paulman et al, 1990;Shelton & Weinberger, 1987;Stahl et al, 1988;Warkentin et al, 1990;Weinberger, 1987;Westphal et al, 1990) har generelt underbygget og udvidet de oprindelige fund. Medens de fleste undersøgelser inden for studiet af neurale forandringer hos skizofrene patienter fokuserer på praefrontal cortex og/eller andre hjernestrukturer, som er naert knyttet til dette hjernebarksområde (f.eks.…”

Section: Skizofreni Personlighed Og Emotion -Set Gennem Den »Implicit...unclassified

Den Dynamiske Hjerne – Hjernens Plasticitet

Mogensen¹

2022

P&L

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Hos såvel »den almene befolkning« som mange »fagfolk« inden for såvel den »organiske« hjerneforskning som de mere psykologiske og neuropsykologiske discipliner forekommer ofte en »implicit model« af hjernen som et strukturelt »statisk« organ, der gennem hele vort voksenliv ikke kan ændres af andet end rent »organiske« påvirkninger. Med andre ord betragtes hjernens struktur som »lukket« for påvirkninger af »psykisk « og »social« karakter. En sådan »statisk« opfattelse af hjernen medfører let en række fejlagtige fortolkninger af de resultater, som eksempelvis den neuropsykologiske forskning bidrager med. Fund af strukturelt forskellige hjerner hos skizofrene og ikke-skizofrene udlægges f.eks. som en indikation for, at »psykiske« faktorer ikke kan medvirke til udviklingen af skizofreni, og identifikationen af et »neuralt grundlag« for eksempelvis »personlighed« udlægges som et postulat om, at »personlighed« er rent genetisk determineret. Den omtalte »implicitte model« er særdeles fejlagtig – hjernen er gennem hele livet såvel funktionelt som strukturelt dynamisk, og en given hjernestrukturs aktuelle »opbygning« er bl.a. et produkt af oplevelse, indlæring, problemløsning og lignende »psykiske« og »sociale« faktorer. Artiklens hovedindhold er en gennemgang af nogle af de forskningsresultater, der tillader en sådan konklusion. Afslutningsvis peges på den »plasticitet« og såvel funktionelle som strukturelle dynamik, der også forekommer i den skadede hjerne. Det understreges, at de neurale processer, der udgør grundlaget for bl.a. indlæring og problemløsning, formentlig er nært beslægtede med det »neurale grundlag« for rehabilitering og funktionel genopretning efter hjerneskade.

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Brain computerized tomography in subtypes of severe chronic schizophrenia

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

Reduction of cortical volume in schizophrenia on magnetic resonance imaging

Reduction of cortical volume in schizophrenia on magnetic resonance imaging

Computed Tomographic Evidence for Generalized Sulcal and Ventricular Enlargement in Schizophrenia

Den Dynamiske Hjerne – Hjernens Plasticitet

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