Brain consequences of acute kidney injury: Focusing on the hippocampus

Malek, Maryam

doi:10.23876/j.krcp.18.0056

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The kidney has an essential role in the control of acid-base balance and also is a crucial regulator of cerebral homeostasis via excretion of toxins and modification of cytokine concentrations. Uremic encephalopathy seemingly occurs following ACE/ACE2 imbalance during COVID-19 infection [120,121].…”

Section: Uremic Encephalopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection: a Mechanistic View

2020

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There is increasing evidence of neurological manifestations and complications in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). More than one-quarter of patients with COVID-19 developed various neurological symptoms, ranging from headache and dizziness to more serious medical conditions, such as seizures and stroke. The recent investigations introduced hyposmia as a potential early criterion of infection with COVID-19. Despite the high mortality and morbidity rate of COVID-19, its exact mechanism of action and pathogenesis is not well characterized. The spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could interact with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the endothelial, neural, and glial cells. In the present study, we reviewed the most common neurological manifestations and complications that emerged after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 and discussed their possible relation to the expression and function of ACE2. Comprehensive and detailed studies are required to uncover how this virus invades the neural system as well as other critical organs.

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Section: Uremic Encephalopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection: a Mechanistic View

2020

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“…[ 4 ] As a result, reduced kidney function, regardless of whether caused by CKD or acute kidney injury, results in decreased brain function, which causes CI. [ 5 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of brain connectivity in neurologically asymptomatic patients with chronic kidney disease

Lee¹,

Yoon²,

Park³

et al. 2021

Medicine

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Our previous study demonstrated that patients with end-stage renal disease had decreased structural and functional brain connectivity, and there was a significant association between brain connectivity and cognitive function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the alterations of structural and functional connectivity using graph theoretical analysis in neurologically asymptomatic patients with relatively early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). We enrolled 18 neurologically asymptomatic patients with early CKD and 28 healthy controls. All the subjects underwent diffusion-tension imaging and resting functional magnetic resonance imaging. We calculated structural and functional connectivity based on diffusion-tension imaging and resting functional magnetic resonance imaging using a graph theoretical analysis. Then, we investigated differences of structural and functional connectivity between the CKD patients and the healthy controls. All the measures of structural connectivity were significantly different between the patients with CKD and healthy controls. The global efficiency, local efficiency, mean clustering coefficient, and small-worldness index were decreased, whereas the characteristic path length was increased in the patients with CKD compared with healthy controls. The structural betweenness centrality of the left calcarine and right posterior cingulum was also significantly different from that in healthy participants. However, all the measures of global functional connectivity in patients with CKD were not different from those in healthy controls. In patients with CKD, the functional betweenness centrality of the right insular cortex, right occipital pole, and right thalamus was significantly different from that in healthy participants. There are significant alterations of the global structural connectivity between the patients with CKD and the healthy subjects, whereas the global functional connectivity of the brain network is preserved. We find that the efficiency of the structural brain network is decreased in the patients with CKD.

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“…Sir, A bout 34% of the population may suffer from acute kidney injury (AKI). 1 Sudden loss of renal functions seen in AKI leads to the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products such as urea and creatinine in the body. AKI is associated with cognitive dysfunction.…”

Section: Intact Higher Mental Functions Despite High Serum Urea and Creatinine Levels In A Patient With Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Repormentioning

confidence: 99%

Intact Higher Mental Functions Despite High Serum Urea and Creatinine Levels in a Patient with Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Report

Nayok

Thimmaiah

Akshatha

2021

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine

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Letter to the Editor report documented the serial cognitive improvement in a patient on renal dialysis as the serum urea level of 1216 mg/dl and a creatinine level of 27 mg/dl gradually reduced. 2 Those authors found that a rapid correction of urea may lead to higher osmolality disturbances and worse cognitive outcomes. The rate of accumulation of urea and creatinine may be equally important for cognitive disturbances to occur. For this, we require prospective studies to determine the rate of change for these products. This unusual case also shows the need of routine baseline investigations in every patient we treat.

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Brain consequences of acute kidney injury: Focusing on the hippocampus

Cited by 45 publications

References 53 publications

A Review on the Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection: a Mechanistic View

A Review on the Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection: a Mechanistic View

Alteration of brain connectivity in neurologically asymptomatic patients with chronic kidney disease

Intact Higher Mental Functions Despite High Serum Urea and Creatinine Levels in a Patient with Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Report

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