Brain drain Issue and Indicators on Brain‐Drain

Education at a Glance 2017 (Summary in Latvian)

“…Economic factors include higher economic performance in the host country; exchange rate differentials that could influence mobility and education cost differentials; and more affordable mobility and education costs in the host country, for instance due to higher education subsidies. In addition, the decision to study abroad may be determined by non-economic factors, such political stability and the robustness of institutions in the receiving country, or cultural and religious proximity between origin and destination countries (Guha, 1977;UNESCO, 2013;Weisser, 2016). 292…”

Exporting Labor: The Impact of Expatriate Workers on the Home Country*

“…Thus, local areas may face higher wages rates for lower quality and less resourceful workers that remain behind. The 'brain drain' argument focuses on this aspect of the emigration of highly trained professionals from the developing to the developed countries (see, for example, Bhagwati, 1977;Guha, 1977;and Toh, 1977).…”

The Egyptian “Brain Drain”: A Multidimensional Problem

“…Conventional calculations of this movement as a net cost (e.g., Guha [1977], who estimates the brain-processing cost at $30,000 per person by 1971 prices) would therefore be inaccurate. To start with, it is possible to argue that temporary emigration does not represent a kind of brain drain in the proper sense: first, because it is by definition temporary; second, because its output is still made use of within the same region; and third, because such people disburse a significant proportion of their incomes back to their home country.…”

“…To start with, it is possible to argue that temporary emigration does not represent a kind of brain drain in the proper sense: first, because it is by definition temporary; second, because its output is still made use of within the same region; and third, because such people disburse a significant proportion of their incomes back to their home country. Conventional calculations of this movement as a net cost (e.g., Guha [1977], who estimates the brain-processing cost at $30,000 per person by 1971 prices) would therefore be inaccurate. In addition, although temporary migrants feature a reasonably high percentage of personnel who were employed in Egypt in scientific, professional and technical occupations (about 38 percent of all people who departed according to a "work abroad permit" in the late seventies) (Abul-Hasan, 1979: 22ff), this percentage is not as high as it is with permanent migrants, and its internal composition is also quite different.…”