Brain electrical source imaging in manic and depressive episodes of bipolar disorder

Painold, Annamaria; Faber, Pascal L.; Milz, Patricia; Reininghaus, Eva; Holl, Anna K.; Letmaier, Martin; Pascual-Marqui, Roberto D.; Reininghaus, Bernd; Kapfhammer, Hans-Peter; Lehmann, Dietrich

doi:10.1111/bdi.12198

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…In addition, higher Beta-2 and Beta-3 were reported in brodmann area 6 and cingulate cortex among the patients. In line with the results in the present study, this study emphasized the role of frontal and temporal lobes in both phases of bipolar disorder ( Painold et al, 2014 ). The results of previous studies indicated that some problems are available in the DMN function ( Brady et al, 2017 ) and the affective network ( Luking et al, 2011 ; Pannekoek et al, 2014 ) among the patients with mood disorder.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Bilateral Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on DLPFC Changes Resting State Networks and Cognitive Function in Patients With Bipolar Depression

Kazemi

Rostami

Khomami

et al. 2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Introduction: Bipolar patients have abnormalities in cognitive functions and emotional processing. Two resting state networks (RSNs), the default mode network (DMN) and the sensorimotor network (SMN), play a decisive role in these two functions. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is one of the main areas in the central executive network (CEN), which is linked to the activities of each of the two networks. Studies have found DLPFC abnormalities in both hemispheres of patients with bipolar depression. We hypothesized that the bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of DLPFC would produce changes in the activity of both the SMN and DMN as well as relevant cognitive function in patients with bipolar depression that responded to treatment.Methods: 20 patients with bipolar depression underwent 10 sessions of 1 Hz rTMS on right DLPFC with subsequent 10 Hz rTMS on left DLPFC. Changes in electroencephalography resting networks between pre and post rTMS were evaluated utilizing low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA). Depression symptom was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and cognitive function was assessed by Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Stroop Test, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST).Results: Responders to rTMS showed significantly lower DMN activity at baseline and a significant decrease in SMN connectivity after treatment. Non-responders did not significantly differ from the control group at the baseline and they showed higher activity in the SMN, visual network, and visual perception network compared to control group following treatment. Bilateral rTMS resulted in significant changes in the executive functions, verbal memory, and depression symptoms. No significant changes were observed in selective attention and verbal fluency.Conclusion: Bilateral stimulation of DLPFC, as the main node of CEN, results in changes in the activity of the SMN and consequently improves verbal memory and executive functions in patients with bipolar depression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Bilateral Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on DLPFC Changes Resting State Networks and Cognitive Function in Patients With Bipolar Depression

Kazemi

Rostami

Khomami

et al. 2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Comparing episodes within patients revealed increased frontotemporal theta activity and decreased frontoparietal beta activity during manic compared to depressive states. 11 Comparing patients with controls revealed anterior delta through alpha power decreases and anterior beta increases in depressed and left alpha power decreases in manic patients compared with controls. 12,13 Few studies investigated whether electrophysiological changes in BD compared with healthy controls persist during remission or so-called euthymic states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…A series of EEG studies has examined the brain physiological characteristics particular to BD. They primarily investigated brain electric activity during acute episodes and either compared manic and depressive episodes within BD patients 11 or compared BD patients during depressed 12 or manic 13 episodes with healthy controls. Comparing episodes within patients revealed increased frontotemporal theta activity and decreased frontoparietal beta activity during manic compared to depressive states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Brain Electric Activity and Functional Connectivity in Bipolar Euthymia: An sLORETA Source Localization Study

Painold

Faber²,

Reininghaus

et al. 2019

Clin EEG Neurosci

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Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic illness with a relapsing and remitting time course. Relapses are manic or depressive in nature and intermitted by euthymic states. During euthymic states, patients lack the criteria for a manic or depressive diagnosis, but still suffer from impaired cognitive functioning as indicated by difficulties in executive and language-related processing. The present study investigated whether these deficits are reflected by altered intracortical activity in or functional connectivity between brain regions involved in these processes such as the prefrontal and the temporal cortices. Vigilance-controlled resting state EEG of 13 euthymic BD patients and 13 healthy age- and sex-matched controls was analyzed. Head-surface EEG was recomputed into intracortical current density values in 8 frequency bands using standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography. Intracortical current densities were averaged in 19 evenly distributed regions of interest (ROIs). Lagged coherences were computed between each pair of ROIs. Source activity and coherence measures between patients and controls were compared (paired t tests). Reductions in temporal cortex activity and in large-scale functional connectivity in patients compared to controls were observed. Activity reductions affected all 8 EEG frequency bands. Functional connectivity reductions affected the delta, theta, alpha-2, beta-2, and gamma band and involved but were not limited to prefrontal and temporal ROIs. The findings show reduced activation of the temporal cortex and reduced coordination between many brain regions in BD euthymia. These activation and connectivity changes may disturb the continuous frontotemporal information flow required for executive and language-related processing, which is impaired in euthymic BD patients.

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“…4,7,[11][12][13][14][15][16] Power spectral analysis of EEG during rest has been used to discriminate psychiatric disorders, 13,[17][18][19] and has provided insight into their pathophysiology. 20 Some researchers have investigated brain activities in bipolar patients by EEG analyzing to clarify neuropathology and abnormalities of their brain function. But their findings are controversial; in an early study it was shown that in euthymic patients the power of frequency bands (delta, theta, delta, and alpha) increases, 21 but a recent study has shown that the power of alpha band decreases in euthymic patients with BD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 In the manic episode, it is reported that the power of left predominant alpha is decreased. 23 As mentioned in Painold et al, 20 the results of these studies should be considered prudently, because they used different methods to represent the power of EEG frequency bands (ie, relative power and absolute power) and had sampled the patients that were receiving medication as well as the euthymic patients. Also, some literatures used different ranges for frequency bands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormalities of Alpha Activity in Frontocentral Region of the Brain as a Biomarker to Diagnose Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder

et al. 2019

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Objectives. To investigate brain abnormalities in adolescents with new-onset bipolar disorder (BD) during acute hypomanic and depressive episodes using electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis and to derive a computer-based method for diagnosis of the disorder. Methods. EEG spectral power and entropy of 21 adolescents with BD (included 11 patients in the hypomanic episode and 10 patients in the depressive episode) and 18 healthy adolescents were compared. Moreover, using significant differences and K-nearest-neighbors (KNN) classifier, it was attempted to distinguish the BD adolescents from normal ones. Results. The BD adolescents had higher values of spectral power in all frequency bands, particularly in the frontocentral, mid-temporal, and right parietal regions. Also, spectral entropy had significantly increased in delta, alpha, and gamma frequency bands for BD. A high accuracy of 95.8% was achieved by all significant differences in the alpha band in discriminating adolescents with BD. The depressive state showed higher values of spectral power and entropy in low-frequency bands (delta and theta) compared to the hypomanic state. Conclusion. Based on BD symptoms, especially inattention, increased alpha power is a rational finding which is associated with thalamus dysfunction. Thus, it seems that EEG alpha oscillation is the main source of abnormality in BD. Furthermore, EEG slowing in the depressive episode is related to inhibition of electrical activity and reduced cognitive functions.

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Brain electrical source imaging in manic and depressive episodes of bipolar disorder

Cited by 12 publications

References 115 publications

Bilateral Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on DLPFC Changes Resting State Networks and Cognitive Function in Patients With Bipolar Depression

Bilateral Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on DLPFC Changes Resting State Networks and Cognitive Function in Patients With Bipolar Depression

Reduced Brain Electric Activity and Functional Connectivity in Bipolar Euthymia: An sLORETA Source Localization Study

Abnormalities of Alpha Activity in Frontocentral Region of the Brain as a Biomarker to Diagnose Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder

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