Brain functional connectivity during induced sadness in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

Fontenelle, Leonardo F.; Harrison, Ben J; Pujol, Jesús; Davey, Christopher G.; Fornito, Alex; Bora, Emre; Pantelis, Christos; Yücel, Murat

doi:10.1503/jpn.110074

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Abnormal increased activity of the ACC may be related to excessive error detection and conflict monitoring in OCD. A recent study has found that the FC between subgenual ACC and the ventral PFC is related with a sad mood in OCD [34]. However, scientists have proposed that the PCC plays a role in human awareness and memory retrieval.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Resting-State Activities and Functional Connectivities of the Anterior and the Posterior Cortexes in Medication-Naïve Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Cheng

Nie

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental illness characterized by the loss of control. Because the cingulate cortex is believed to be important in executive functions, such as inhibition, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques to examine whether and how activity and functional connectivity (FC) of the cingulate cortex were altered in drug-naïve OCD patients.MethodsTwenty-three medication-naïve OCD patients and 23 well-matched healthy controls received fMRI scans in a resting state. Functional connectivities of the anterior cingulate (ACC) and the posterior cingulate (PCC) to the whole brain were analyzed using correlation analyses based on regions of interest (ROI) identified by the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF). Independent Component Analysis (ICA) was used to identify the resting-state sub-networks.ResultsfALFF analysis found that regional activity was increased in the ACC and decreased in the PCC in OCD patients when compared to controls. FC of the ACC and the PCC also showed different patterns. The ACC and the PCC were found to belong to different resting-state sub-networks in ICA analysis and showed abnormal FC, as well as contrasting correlations with the severity of OCD symptoms.ConclusionsActivity of the ACC and the PCC were increased and decreased, respectively, in the medication-naïve OCD patients compared to controls. Different patterns in FC were also found between the ACC and the PCC with respect to these two groups. These findings implied that the cardinal feature of OCD, the loss of control, may be attributed to abnormal activities and FC of the ACC and the PCC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Resting-State Activities and Functional Connectivities of the Anterior and the Posterior Cortexes in Medication-Naïve Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Cheng

Nie

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…Changes in brain functional connectivity are detected in patients with Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder and in social anxiety disorder (Fontenelle et al. ; Gimenez et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, profound alterations have been recorded from cortical and subcortical networks in epileptic seizures (Spencer 2002). Changes in brain functional connectivity are detected in patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and in social anxiety disorder (Fontenelle et al 2012;Gimenez et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane potential depolarization causes alterations in neuron arrangement and connectivity in cocultures

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe disruption of neuron arrangement is associated with several pathologies. In contrast to action potentials, the role of resting potential (Vmem) in regulating connectivity remains unknown.MethodsNeuron assemblies were quantified when their Vmem was depolarized using ivermectin (Ivm), a drug that opens chloride channels, for 24 h in cocultures with astrocytes. Cell aggregation was analyzed using automated cluster analysis methods. Neural connectivity was quantified based on the identification of isolated somas in phase-contrast images using image processing. Vmem was measured using voltage-sensitive dyes and whole-cell patch clamping. Immunocytochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect changes in the distribution and production of the proteins.ResultsData show that Vmem regulates cortical tissue shape and connectivity. Automated cluster analysis methods revealed that the degree of neural aggregation was significantly increased (0.26 clustering factor vs. 0.21 in controls, P ≤ 0.01). The number of beta-tubulin III positive neural projections was also significantly increased in the neural aggregates in cocultures with Ivm. Hyperpolarized neuron cells formed fewer connections (33% at 24 h, P ≤ 0.05) compared to control cells in 1-day cultures. Glia cell densities increased (33.3%, P ≤ 0.05) under depolarizing conditions.ConclusionVmem can be a useful tool to probe neuronal cells, disease tissues models, and cortical tissue arrangements.

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“…Both task-based (induced sadness, 50; conflict processing, 51; see also symptom provocation, 52; but see risk aversion, 53) and resting state (54–61; but see 62) studies have repeatedly revealed increased functional connectivity between orbitofrontal and striatal regions in OCD. Structural abnormalities have also been observed in frontal-striatal regions in OCD, though the direction of results has been mixed (63; 64).…”

Section: Frontal-striatal Connectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberrant Spontaneous and Task-Dependent Functional Connections in the Anxious Brain

MacNamara¹,

DiGangi

Phan

2016

Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging

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A number of brain regions have been implicated in the anxiety disorders, yet none of these regions in isolation has been distinguished as the sole or discrete site responsible for anxiety disorder pathology. Therefore, the identification of dysfunctional neural networks as represented by alterations in the temporal correlation of blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal across several brain regions in anxiety disorders has been increasingly pursued in the past decade. Here, we review task-independent (e.g., resting state) and task-induced functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) studies in the adult anxiety disorders (including trauma- and stressor-related and obsessive compulsive disorders). The results of this review suggest that anxiety disorder pathophysiology involves aberrant connectivity between amygdala-frontal and frontal-striatal regions, as well as within and between canonical “intrinsic” brain networks - the default mode and salience networks, and that evidence of these aberrations may help inform findings of regional activation abnormalities observed in the anxiety disorders. Nonetheless, significant challenges remain, including the need to better understand mixed findings observed using different methods (e.g., resting state and task-based approaches); the need for more developmental work; the need to delineate disorder-specific and transdiagnostic fcMRI aberrations in the anxiety disorders; and the need to better understand the clinical significance of fcMRI abnormalities. In meeting these challenges, future work has the potential to elucidate aberrant neural networks as intermediate, brain-based phenotypes to predict disease onset and progression, refine diagnostic nosology, and ascertain treatment mechanisms and predictors of treatment response across anxiety, trauma-related and obsessive compulsive disorders.

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Brain functional connectivity during induced sadness in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

Cited by 17 publications

References 69 publications

Abnormal Resting-State Activities and Functional Connectivities of the Anterior and the Posterior Cortexes in Medication-Naïve Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Abnormal Resting-State Activities and Functional Connectivities of the Anterior and the Posterior Cortexes in Medication-Naïve Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Membrane potential depolarization causes alterations in neuron arrangement and connectivity in cocultures

Aberrant Spontaneous and Task-Dependent Functional Connections in the Anxious Brain

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