Brain functional correlates of emotion regulation across adolescence and young adulthood

Stephanou, Katerina; Davey, Christopher G.; Kerestes, Rebecca; Whittle, Sarah; Pujol, Jesús; Yücel, Murat; Fornito, Alex; López‐Solà, Marina; Harrison, Ben J

doi:10.1002/hbm.22905

Cited by 62 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…Control participants represent a subsample of a larger group included in our previous study of emotion regulation (Stephanou et al , 2016). Controls were selected to match patients on the variables of age, gender, years of education and estimated IQ.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard to look on the bright side: neural correlates of impaired emotion regulation in depressed youth

Stephanou

Davey

Kerestes

et al. 2017

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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The cognitive regulation of emotion is impaired in major depressive disorder and has been linked to an imbalance of pre-frontal–subcortical brain activity. Despite suggestions that this relationship represents a neurodevelopmental marker of depression, few studies have examined the neural correlates of emotion regulation in depressed youth. We combined a ‘cognitive reappraisal’ paradigm with functional magnetic resonance imaging to study the neural correlates of emotional regulation in a large sample of non-medicated depressed adolescents and young adults (n = 53) and healthy controls (n = 64). As compared with healthy controls, young people with depression were less able to reduce negative affect during reappraisal, which corresponded to blunted modulation of amygdala activity. While in healthy individuals amygdala activation was modulated by age, no such relationship was observed in depressed individuals. Heightened activation of the ventromedial pre-frontal cortex (vmPFC) and reduced activation of the dorsal midline cortex was also found for the depressed group. Overall, these findings suggest that brain systems that support cognitive reappraisal are functionally altered in youth depression. We argue that excessive engagement of the vmPFC in particular, may be central to understanding how the process of putting a ‘positive spin’ on negative emotional material may be altered in depressed youth.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard to look on the bright side: neural correlates of impaired emotion regulation in depressed youth

Stephanou

Davey

Kerestes

et al. 2017

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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“…These studies have primarily examined cognitive reappraisal of negative content, which is notable as a common target of cognitive-behavioral therapies in youth with affective disorders. Here, cross-sectional studies of TD youth show greater downregulation of negative affect with age [26–28] (though see [29,30]), and independent of general cognitive ability [27]. …”

Section: Typical Development Of Neural Circuits Supporting Negative Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma, PTSD, and the Developing Brain

Herringa

2017

Curr Psychiatry Rep

190

126

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Purpose of review PTSD in youth is common and debilitating. In contrast to adult PTSD, relatively little is known about the neurobiology of pediatric PTSD, nor how neurodevelopment may be altered. This review summarizes recent neuroimaging studies in pediatric PTSD and discusses implications for future study. Recent findings Pediatric PTSD is characterized by abnormal structure and function in neural circuitry supporting threat processing and emotion regulation. Furthermore, cross-sectional studies suggest that youth with PTSD have abnormal frontolimbic development compared to typically developing youth. Examples include declining hippocampal volume, increasing amygdala reactivity, and declining amygdala-prefrontal coupling with age. Summary Pediatric PTSD is characterized by both overt and developmental abnormalities in frontolimbic circuitry. Notably, abnormal frontolimbic development may contribute to increasing threat reactivity and weaker emotion regulation as youth age. Longitudinal studies of pediatric PTSD are needed to characterize individual outcomes and determine whether current treatments are capable of restoring healthy neurodevelopment.

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“…Specifically, greater cortical thinning of dorsolateral and ventrolateral PFC in early adolescence was associated with greater use of cognitive reappraisal strategies in late adolescence. While the fMRI literature on the development of emotion regulation and its relation to neurodevelopment in adolescence is relatively nascent, some initial studies have examined brain activity in adolescents and young adults during directed cognitive reappraisal while viewing emotional images (McRae et al, 2012; Stephanou et al, 2016). McRae et al, (2012) found linear age-related increases in activation in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during cognitive reappraisal, a region previously implicated in appraisal among adults, across 10–22 year olds.…”

Section: Control and Regulation Of Affective Behavior: Form And Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results suggest an increase in the recruitment of cognitive control structures to accomplish cognitive reappraisal from early adolescence into early adulthood. Another study compared adolescents and adults to examine the neural correlates of emotional reactivity and reappraisal in response to aversive social imagery (Stephanou et al, 2016). Younger participants showed greater activation of temporal-occipital brain regions during reappraisal and weaker suppression of amygdala reactivity, with the latter considered to be a general correlate of successful reappraisal.…”

Section: Control and Regulation Of Affective Behavior: Form And Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

The neurobiology of the emotional adolescent: From the inside out

Guyer

Silk

Nelson

2016

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

232

155

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Adolescents are commonly portrayed as highly emotional, with their behaviors often hijacked by their emotions. Research on the neural substrates of adolescent affective behavior is beginning to paint a more nuanced picture of how neurodevelopmental changes in brain function influence affective behavior, and how these influences are modulated by external factors in the environment. Recent neurodevelopmental models suggest that the brain is designed to promote emotion regulation, learning, and affiliation across development, and that affective behavior reciprocally interacts with age-specific social demands and different social contexts. In this review, we discuss current findings on neurobiological mechanisms of adolescents’ affective behavior and highlight individual differences in and social-contextual influences on adolescents’ emotionality. Neurobiological mechanisms of affective processes related to anxiety and depression are also discussed as examples. As the field progresses, it will be critical to test new hypotheses generated from the foundational empirical and conceptual work and to focus on identifying more precisely how and when neural networks change in ways that promote or thwart adaptive affective behavior during adolescence.

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Brain functional correlates of emotion regulation across adolescence and young adulthood

Cited by 62 publications

References 97 publications

Hard to look on the bright side: neural correlates of impaired emotion regulation in depressed youth

Hard to look on the bright side: neural correlates of impaired emotion regulation in depressed youth

Trauma, PTSD, and the Developing Brain

The neurobiology of the emotional adolescent: From the inside out

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