Brain Injuries Among Infants, Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults

Kraus, Jess F.; Rock, Amy; Hemyari, Parichehr

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1990.02150300082022

Cited by 162 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…7 Severe TBI was defined as a GCS of 8 or less, moderate TBI as GCS 9 to 2, and mild TBI as GCS 13 to 15. 8 For preverbal infants, a paediatric adaptation of the GCS was used that has good inter-and intraobserver reliability. 9 To provide an additional measure of injury severity, participants underwent testing for post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) using the Westmead PTA scale.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The King's Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury and injury severity and outcome measures in children with traumatic brain injury

Calvert

Miller

Curran

et al. 2008

Develop Med Child Neuro

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The aim of this study was to relate discharge King's Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury (KOSCHI) category to injury severity and detailed outcome measures obtained in the first year post‐traumatic brain injury (TBI). We used a prospective cohort study. Eighty‐one children with TBI were studied: 29 had severe, 15 moderate, and 37 mild TBI. The male:female ratio was 1.8:1. The mean age was 11 years 10 months (SD 3.6, range 5–16y). Discharge KOSCHI categories were good (n=34), moderate (n=39), severe (n=6), and unclassifiable (n=2). KOSCHI category correlated strongly with admission Glasgow Coma Score, length of hospital stay, and post‐traumatic amnesia. It also correlated significantly with Verbal IQ and Performance IQ (Wechsler); measures of attention; health status (Health Utilities Index [HUI]); health‐related quality of life (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory [PedsQL]); depressive symptoms (Birleson Depression Scale) assessed within 3 months postTBI; and with Verbal IQ, selective attention (map mission), and HUI and PedsQL domains assessed at least 6 months post‐TBI discharge. KOSCHI did not correlate with behaviour or executive function. We conclude that the KOSCHI scored at hospital discharge correlates with severity of injury and some cognitive, health status, and HRQL outcomes early after TBI. It is not helpful at predicting later difficulties, or behavioural and emotional problems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The King's Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury and injury severity and outcome measures in children with traumatic brain injury

Calvert

Miller

Curran

et al. 2008

Develop Med Child Neuro

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“…[1][2][3] In the United Kingdom it has been estimated that approximately 3000 children acquire significant new neurological or cognitive disability as a result of TBI each year. [4] Children with brain injury are at risk of developing cognitive, emotional and behavioural impairments which may persist or even worsen over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour and school performance after brain injury

Hawley

2004

Brain Injury

106

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Main Outcomes and Results: Two-thirds of children with a TBI exhibited significant behavioural problems, significantly more than controls (p=0.02). Children with behavioural problems had a mean IQ approximately 15 points lower than those without (p=0.001, 95% CI:7 to 26.7). At school, 76%(19) of children with behavioural problems also had difficulties with schoolwork. Behavioural problems were associated with social deprivation and parental marital status (p ≤ 0.01). Conclusions:Children with TBI are at risk of developing behavioural problems which may affect school performance. Children with TBI should be screened to identify significant behavioural problems before they return to school. 2

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“…[1] There are no accurate figures available for the prevalence of TBI amongst children, although the British Society for Rehabilitation Medicine (BSRM) has estimated an incidence of 300 per 100,000 population for all age groups, suggesting that for young children the incidence may be up to four times higher. [2] It has also been estimated that in the UK approximately 150,000 children under fourteen attend hospital every year with a TBI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of traumatic brain injury amongst children admitted to hospital in one health district: a population-based study

Hawley¹,

Ward²,

Long³

et al. 2003

Injury

137

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Article Title: Prevalence of traumatic brain injury amongst children admitted to hospital in one health district: a population-based study AbstractThere is a dearth of information regarding the prevalence of brain injury, serious enough to require hospital admission, amongst children in the United Kingdom. In North Staffordshire a register of all children admitted with traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been maintained since 1992 presenting an opportunity to investigate the incidence of TBI within the region in terms of age, cause of injury, injury severity and social deprivation. The register contains details of 1553 children with TBI, two thirds of whom are male.This population-based study shows that TBI is most prevalent amongst children from families living in more deprived areas, however, social deprivation was not related to the cause of injury. Each year, 280 per 100,000 children are admitted for ≥24 hours with a TBI, of these 232 will have a mild brain injury, 25 moderate, 17 severe, and 2 will die. The incidence of moderate and severe injuries is higher than previous estimates. Children under 2 years old account for 18.5% of all TBIs, usually due to falls, being dropped or non-accidental injuries. Falls account for 60% of TBIs in the under 5s. In the 10-15 age group road traffic accidents were the most common cause (185, 36.7%). These findings will help to plan health services and target accident prevention initiatives more accurately.

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Brain Injuries Among Infants, Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults

Cited by 162 publications

References 16 publications

The King's Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury and injury severity and outcome measures in children with traumatic brain injury

The King's Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury and injury severity and outcome measures in children with traumatic brain injury

Behaviour and school performance after brain injury

Prevalence of traumatic brain injury amongst children admitted to hospital in one health district: a population-based study

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