Brain injury and adverse outcomes: a contemporary review of the evidence

Schwartz, Joseph A.; Jodis, Christopher A; Breen, Kasi M; Parker, Brittnee N.

doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.09.006

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“… 5. Traumatic brain injury has emerged as a significant correlate of serious, chronic, or violent offending (Daigle & Harris, 2018; Schwartz, Connolly, & Valgardson, 2018; Schwartz, Jodis, Breen, & Parker, 2019; Veeh, Renn, Vaughn, & DeLisi, 2018). Among the current clients, traumatic brain injuries most commonly related to injuries incurred during a fight or during perpetration of a crime, injuries stemming from intoxication, or injuries stemming from reckless activity (e.g., drag racing).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

What Becomes of Chronic Juvenile Delinquents? Multifinality at Midlife

Drury¹,

DeLisi

Elbert³

2019

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice

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Popular in the field of developmental psychopathology, multifinality means that an initial condition or status can manifest in diverse outcomes across life. Using a near population of federal correctional clients selected from the Midwestern United States, the current study examined the association of chronic delinquent offender status on assorted life outcomes at midlife (average age of offenders was nearly 44 years). Although just 16% of the current offenders were formerly chronic delinquents, they accounted for 13.9% of current employment, 54.6% of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) cases, 54% of those at the 90th percentile for arrest charges, 45.8% of those at the 90th percentile for assaultive arrest charges, 53% of gang activity, 43.8% of lifetime traumatic brain injury, and 22.9% of lifetime mental illness. Logistic regression models indicated that former chronic delinquency was associated with 41% reduced odds of employment, 897% increased odds of ASPD, 81% increased odds of 90th percentile offending, 82% increased odds of 90th percentile assaultive offending, 144% increased odds of gang activity, 115% increased odds of traumatic brain injury, and 141% increased odds of lifetime mental illness. Former chronic delinquency has more consistent predictive validity among males than females and among Whites than African Americans. Multifinality is a useful concept to understand the developmental course of chronic delinquency and assess noncriminal yet nevertheless socially and societally burdensome outcomes.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

What Becomes of Chronic Juvenile Delinquents? Multifinality at Midlife

Drury¹,

DeLisi

Elbert³

2019

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice

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“…Specifically, independent of aggressive offending, the SEM suggested that exposure to TBI is associated with increased adverse psychological effects. Consistent with prior research (Schwartz et al, 2018), the primary way of reducing the likelihood of increased adverse psychological effects is to take preventative steps to reduce exposure to TBI. Second, upon exposure to TBI, medical interventions targeting potential or observed neurological disturbances could be useful at reducing the casual pathway between TBI and subsequent aggressive offending.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Specifically, we suggested that TBI causes increases in the prevalence of adverse psychological effects (i.e., psychological processes that increase difficulties within the social environment) which in turn, increases in aggressive offending. This pathway, as illustrated in Figure 1, was based upon the knowledge that TBI substantively damages various neurological structures and processes (Ghajar, 2000; McKee et al, 2009; Schwartz et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, these neurological disruptions occur within regions of the brain associated with psychosocial functioning (Rosenfeld et al, 2013). Furthermore, the neurological and behavioral effects of TBI can be immediate or delayed, and short‐term or long‐term (Mckee et al, 2009; Schwartz, Jodis, Breen, & Parker, 2018). Contemporary scholarship estimates that approximately 2.1 million Europeans and approximately 2.8 million Americans experience hospitalization for TBI‐related events per year (Majdan et al, 2016; Schwartz et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TBIs have been associated with a variety of negative psychological outcomes, including but not limited to, increased irritability, self‐isolation, and anxiousness (Bryant & Harvey, 1999; Kim, Manes, Kosier, Baruah, & Robinson, 1999; Schwartz, et al, 2018). Furthermore, evidence suggests that TBI can have immediate and/or delayed effects on psychological health (e.g., Kim et al, 1999; Rydon‐Grange & Coetzer, 2015; Starkey et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traumatic brain injury and adverse psychological effects: Examining a potential pathway to aggressive offending

Silver

Nedelec

2020

Aggressive Behavior

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Contemporary scholarship has demonstrated an association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) during adolescence and aggressive offending. Research, however, has yet to identify any mechanisms linking TBI to subsequent aggressive offending. Consequently, the current study hypothesized that adverse psychological effects is one such pathway. The current study used the Pathways to Desistance data set (n = 416) to examine the pathway of TBI to aggressive offending through adverse psychological effects. The findings of the structural equation model supported the hypothesized association. Specifically, increased exposure to TBI was indirectly associated with aggressive offending through adverse psychological effects. An additional supplemental analysis illustrated that a direct link between TBI and aggressive offending did not exist for the analytical sample. The findings suggested that the neurological disruptions commonly associated with TBI could result in direct increases in negative psychological outcomes and indirect increases in subsequent negative behavioral outcomes.

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Changes in Jail Admissions Before and After Traumatic Brain Injury

et al. 2021

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Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is differentially concentrated within incarcerated populations. Despite the consistency of this observation, the timing of within-individual changes in criminal justice contact in relation to TBI remains under-investigated. For example, previous studies have primarily considered TBI as a causal influence of later criminal justice contact.However, TBI may also serve as a consequence of criminal justice contact or a criminogenic lifestyle. The current study simultaneously observes both possibilities by examining criminal justice contact before, around the time of, and after the first reported TBI.Methods: Drawing from a combination of self-report and lifetime official record data from a jail cohort admitted between February 2017 and September 2017 and who sustained their first reported TBI at age 21 or older (N = 531), the current study examines jail admissions in the 24 months before and 24 months after the first reported TBI and across eight biannual intervals (N = 4,248 person-periods).Results: Any and misdemeanor admissions slightly increased pre-TBI and continued to increase around the time of and following TBI, never returning to pre-TBI levels. Felony admissions remained stable around the time of injury and increased post-TBI. Further analyses that incorporated a comparison group revealed that these patterns are unique to the TBI group and not a result of a larger systematic process.Conclusions: These findings indicate that the probability of jail admission is greatest post-TBI, but also increases leading up to sustaining a TBI.

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Brain injury and adverse outcomes: a contemporary review of the evidence

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

What Becomes of Chronic Juvenile Delinquents? Multifinality at Midlife

What Becomes of Chronic Juvenile Delinquents? Multifinality at Midlife

Traumatic brain injury and adverse psychological effects: Examining a potential pathway to aggressive offending

Changes in Jail Admissions Before and After Traumatic Brain Injury

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