Brain injury and violent crime

Turkstra, Lyn S.; Jones, Deann; Toler, Hon L.

doi:10.1080/0269905021000010122

Cited by 67 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Most adults, at some point in their lives, experience a bump on the head, but never experience adverse psychological or behavioral changes from the injury; though for some, TBI can result in impairments in brain functioning that can affect decision making and social skills (Ferguson, Pickelsimer, Corrigan, Bogner, & Wald, 2012). Unless these individuals are identified early on, and diverted into appropriate treatment programs, the TBI can lead to a host of negative outcomes such as attention problems, increased aggression, hypersexual behavior, and a lack of impulse control, all of which are particularly salient if the injury occurs during childhood (Eghwrudjakpor & Essien, 2008;Fazel, Lichtenstein, Grann, & Langstrom, 2011;Leon-Carrion, Javier, & Ramos, 2003;Turkstra, Jones, & Toler, 2003).…”

Section: Traumatic Brain Injury and Recidivism Among Returning Inmatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many of these studies have targeted specific populations-homicide offenders (Blake, Pincus, & Buckner, 1995;Freedman & Hemenway, 2000;Lewis, Pincus, Feldman, Jackson, & Bard, 1986), sex offenders (Langevin, 2006), or those with mental health or a substance abuse problem (DelBello, et al, 1999;Hawley & Maden, 2003;Martell, 1992;Walker, Staton, & Leukefeld, 2001)-rather than the general offender population. Moreover, sampling strategies have varied considerably with most relying on convenience samples (Blake, et al, 1995;DelBello, et al, 1999;Diamond, Harzke, Magaletta, Cummins, & Frankowski, 2007;Freedman & Hemenway, 2000;Lewis, et al, 1986;Turkstra, et al, 2003;Williams, Cordan, Mewse, Tonks, & Burgess, 2010).…”

Section: Traumatic Brain Injury and Criminal Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traumatic Brain Injury and Recidivism Among Returning Inmates

Ray

Richardson

2017

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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In recent years, there has been a surge in research that examines the relationship between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and involvement in the criminal justice system. However, the bulk of this research has been largely retrospective and descriptive, comparing rates of TBI in the offending population with the rates of TBI in the general population. Although findings from these studies indicate a higher prevalence of TBI in the offending population, virtually no studies have examined whether those with TBI are more likely to recidivate. To address this gap, the present study examined rearrest post release from prison among a cohort sample of Indiana inmates who were screened using the Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification (OSU-TBI-ID) instrument. Findings indicate that, net of control variables, those with TBI were more likely to recidivate sooner than those without TBI. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.

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Section: Traumatic Brain Injury and Recidivism Among Returning Inmatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Traumatic Brain Injury and Criminal Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic Brain Injury and Recidivism Among Returning Inmates

Ray

Richardson

2017

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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“…For example, in one sample of 20 healthy African-American males with an average age of 32.6 years and an average of 12.7 years of education assessed with a questionnaire, 60% reported a history of TBI [7]. In contrast, using a large cross-sectional community sample and operationalizing TBI as having had a serious head injury with resultant loss of consciousness of 15 min or more, Butterworth et al [8] found a TBI prevalence of only 5.7% in 7,488 subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Traumatic Brain Injury in the General Adult Population: A Meta-Analysis

Frost

Farrer²,

Primosch³

et al. 2012

Neuroepidemiology

284

155

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public-health concern. To understand the extent of TBI, it is important to assess the prevalence of TBI in the general population. However, the prevalence of TBI in the general population can be difficult to measure because of differing definitions of TBI, differing TBI severity levels, and underreporting of sport-related TBI. Additionally, prevalence reports vary from study to study. In this present study, we used meta-analytic methods to estimate the prevalence of TBI in the adult general population. Across 15 studies, all originating from developed countries, which included 25,134 adults, 12% had a history of TBI. Men had more than twice the odds of having had a TBI than did women, suggesting that male gender is a risk factor for TBI. The adverse behavioral, cognitive and psychiatric effects associated with TBI coupled with the high prevalence of TBI identified in this study indicate that TBI is a considerable public and personal-health problem.

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“…However, a significant portion of TBI research using incarcerated samples has focused specifically on TBI as it relates to violent criminal behavior. Researchers have explored possible links between TBI and domestic violence (Rosenbaum et al, 1994;Turkstra, Jones, & Toler, 2003;Marsh & Martinovich, 2006), murder (Lewis et al, 1986), and mixed violent offenses (Leon-Carrion & Ramos, 2003;Brewer-Smyth, Burgess, & Shults, 2004).…”

Section: Implications Of Tbi In Offender Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers created their own classification system to describe injury severity (Hawley & Maden, 2003: Turkstra et al, 2003 while others did not report severity levels (Sarapata et al, 1998;Brewer-Smyth et al, 2004). Very few studies were found to have used the CDC, ACRM, or WHO definitions of TBI described above (e.g., Diamond et al, 2007;Schofield et al, 2006;Slaughter et al, 2003).…”

Section: Traumatic Brain Injury (Tbi) Is a Significant Public Health mentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic Brain Injury and Executive Functioning in an Incarcerated Sample

Bernett¹,

Diamond²,

Melchert³

et al. 2013

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING IN AN INCARCERATED SAMPLEAbigail A. Bernett, M.A.Marquette University, 2012 Incarcerated adults in the United States represent a significant segment of the population, and traumatic brain injury (TBI) in incarcerated populations has been identified as an area of public health concern. However, not much is known about it because research investigating TBI in incarcerated populations has focused primarily on its relationship to violent behavior. The existing research suggests that a history of TBI may be related to later violent behavior, criminal activity, mental health problems, and poorer institutional and community adjustment. Further, some of the cognitive deficits found in the general population following TBI, including executive dysfunction, have also been found in incarcerated populations. The purpose of the current study was to address a gap in the research by examining the relationship between TBI and executive functioning in a sample of adults incarcerated in the Federal Prison System. The study aimed to describe the neurocognitive functioning of the sample in the domains of IQ, executive functioning, verbal memory, attention, and motor skills. Further, hypotheses based on the theory of cognitive reserve were tested regarding the relationships between TBI, executive functioning, and institution behavior. Overall, the sample demonstrated average performance across the majority of cognitive domains tested. The range of scores in all domains spanned from profound impairment to superior performance. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to look for differences in executive functioning across varying levels of TBI severity, though no significant difference was found. Regression analyses found that lower cognitive reserve was associated with lower executive functioning, though structural equation modeling did not support a relationship between executive functioning and subsequent institutional behavior. Caveats in interpreting test scores, particularly in the domain of executive functioning, are discussed, along with possible explanations for differences in cognitive functioning across incarcerated subgroups. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that correctional institutions increase screening and cognitive testing of individuals who present with risk factors for possible executive dysfunction (e.g., history of violent offenses, TBI) in order to better classify the inmate population. Further, individualized treatment and the incorporation of programming that specifically targets executive dysfunction are recommended.

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Brain injury and violent crime

Abstract: Published epidemiological data regarding TBI may underestimate the prevalence in urban populations, which may have confounded earlier studies of TBI and domestic violence. The reported prevalence in this sample of defendants suggests implications for the justice system.

Cited by 67 publications

References 8 publications

Traumatic Brain Injury and Recidivism Among Returning Inmates

Traumatic Brain Injury and Recidivism Among Returning Inmates

Prevalence of Traumatic Brain Injury in the General Adult Population: A Meta-Analysis

Traumatic Brain Injury and Executive Functioning in an Incarcerated Sample

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