Brain injury results in lower levels of melatonin receptors subtypes MT1 and MT2

Abstract

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating and costly acquired condition that affects individuals of all ages, races, and geographies via a number of mechanisms. The effects of TBI on melatonin receptors remains unknown. Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore whether endogenous changes in two melatonin receptor subtypes (MT1 and MT2) occur after experimental TBI. Sample A total of 25 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used with 6 or 7 rats per group. Methods Rats were randomly assigned to receive either TBI modeled using controlled cortical impact or sham surgery and to be sacrificed at either 6- or 24- hours post-operatively. Brains were harvested, dissected, and flash frozen until whole cell lysates were prepared, and the supernatant fluid aliquoted and used for western blotting. Primary antibodies were used to probe for melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2), and beta actin for a loading control. ImageJ and Image Lab software were used to quantify the data which was analyzed using t-tests to compare means. Results Melatonin receptors levels were reduced in a brain region- and time point-dependent manner. Both MT1 and MT2 were reduced in the frontal cortex at 24 hours and in the hippocampus at both 6 hours and 24 hours. Discussion MT1 and MT2 are less abundant after injury, which may alter response to MEL therapy. Studies characterizing MT1 and MT2 after TBI are needed, including exploration of the time course and regional patterns, replication in diverse samples, and use of additional variables, especially sleep-related outcomes. Conclusion TBI in rats resulted in lower levels of MT1 and MT2; replication of these findings is necessary as is evaluation of the consequences of lower receptor levels.

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