Brain mesenchymal stem cells: physiology and pathological implications

Pombero, Ana; García-López, Raquel

doi:10.1111/dgd.12296

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…Neuroepithelium such as ON and epithelium of middle turbinate originates mostly from ectoderm, while cells from the MC cluster express multiple markers of mesenchymal cells, or mesenchymal stem cells, which are multipotent cells of mesodermal origin ( Table 4 ). Precursors of these mesenchymal cells likely originate from neural crest, from which they migrate to different locations of the fetus to establish mesenchymal cell populations in bone marrow (23), adipose tissue (24), oral mucosa lamina propria (25), and several other locations (see (26) for review), including the brain (27). Expectedly, cluster 9 of embryonic brain sample CS14_3 also expressed multiple mesenchymal markers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultured Mesenchymal Cells from Nasal Turbinate as a Cellular Model of the Neurodevelopmental Component of Schizophrenia Etiology

Tung

Mathews

Boruk

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Study of the neurodevelopmental molecular mechanisms of schizophrenia requires the development of adequate biological models such as patient-derived cells and their derivatives. We previously used cell lines with neural progenitor properties (CNON) derived from superior or middle turbinates of patients with schizophrenia and control groups to study gene expression specific to schizophrenia. In this study, we compared single cell-RNA seq data from two CNON cell lines, one derived from an individual with schizophrenia (SCZ) and the other from a control group, with two biopsy samples from the middle turbinate (MT), also from an individual with SCZ and a control. In addition, we compared our data with previously published data from olfactory neuroepithelium (1). Our data demonstrated that CNON originated from a single cell type which is present both in middle turbinate and olfactory neuroepithelium. CNON express multiple markers of mesenchymal cells. In order to define relatedness of CNON to the developing human brain, we also compared CNON datasets with scRNA-seq data of embryonic brain (2) and found that the expression profile of CNON very closely matched one of the cell types in the embryonic brain. Finally, we evaluated differences between SCZ and control samples to assess usability and potential benefits of using single cell RNA-seq of CNON to study etiology of schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultured Mesenchymal Cells from Nasal Turbinate as a Cellular Model of the Neurodevelopmental Component of Schizophrenia Etiology

Tung

Mathews

Boruk

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Pericytes display some similarities to mesenchymal stem cells (Wong et al, 2015). Responding to the stimuli and environmental changes, pericytes may transform into multipotent stem cells and differentiate into various cells including neural, vascular, and glial cells (Dore-Duffy et al, 2006;Nakagomi et al, 2015b;Pombero et al, 2016). Pericytes extracted from ischemic mouse brain and human brain pericytes under oxygen-glucose deprivation states develop stem properties in vitro (Nakagomi et al, 2015a).…”

Section: Phenotype Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Microvascular Pericytes in Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

Uemura

Maki

Ihara

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

169

112

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Pericytes are unique, multi-functional mural cells localized at the abluminal side of the perivascular space in microvessels. Originally discovered in 19th century, pericytes had drawn less attention until decades ago mainly due to lack of specific markers. Recently, however, a growing body of evidence has revealed that pericytes play various important roles: development and maintenance of blood-brain barrier (BBB), regulation of the neurovascular system (e.g., vascular stability, vessel formation, cerebral blood flow, etc.), trafficking of inflammatory cells, clearance of toxic waste products from the brain, and acquisition of stem cell-like properties. In the neurovascular unit, pericytes perform these functions through coordinated crosstalk with neighboring cells including endothelial, glial, and neuronal cells. Dysfunction of pericytes contribute to a wide variety of diseases that lead to cognitive impairments such as cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), acute stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other neurological disorders. For instance, in SVDs, pericyte degeneration leads to microvessel instability and demyelination while in stroke, pericyte constriction after ischemia causes a no-reflow phenomenon in brain capillaries. In AD, which shares some common risk factors with vascular dementia, reduction in pericyte coverage and subsequent microvascular impairments are observed in association with white matter attenuation and contribute to impaired cognition. Pericyte loss causes BBB-breakdown, which stagnates amyloid β clearance and the leakage of neurotoxic molecules into the brain parenchyma. In this review, we first summarize the characteristics of brain microvessel pericytes, and their roles in the central nervous system. Then, we focus on how dysfunctional pericytes contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment including cerebral 'small vessel' and 'large vessel' diseases, as well as AD. Finally, we discuss therapeutic implications for these disorders by targeting pericytes.

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“…The most used sources of MSCs are bone marrow and adipose tissue [ 17 , 18 ]. They can also be separated from a range of other tissues, including Wharton's glue, cord blood [ 19 ], placenta [ 20 ], brain [ 21 ], and synovial fluid [ 22 , 23 ]. Nearly a dozen studies have confirmed that MSCs play a positive role in wound repair.…”

Section: Msc-derived Nanovesicles In Wound Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cell-Derived Nanovesicles: A Novel Cell-Free Therapy for Wound Healing

Huang

Zhang

Xiong

et al. 2021

Stem Cells International

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Wound healing and regeneration are a dynamic and complex process that requires a collaborative effort between growth factors, epidermal cells, dermal cells, extracellular matrix, and vessels local to the wound area. Mesenchymal stem cells participate in the recruitment site, mainly by releasing secretory factors and matrix proteins to promote wound healing. Stem cell-derived nanovesicles (CDNs), including microvesicles, exosomes, and exosome mimetics, contain most of the biologically active substances of their parent cells and have similar effects. CDNs can shuttle various proteins, messenger RNAs, and microRNAs to regulate the activity of receptor cells, and they play important roles in skin wound healing. This article reviews recent research progress on CDNs for wound repair. We summarize current knowledge on how CDNs regulate immunity, fibroblast activity, angiogenesis, and scar formation in the wound healing process. This review can help researchers explore new treatment strategies to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of CDNs, which have a promising future as naturally cell-free therapies.

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Brain mesenchymal stem cells: physiology and pathological implications

Cited by 19 publications

References 180 publications

Cultured Mesenchymal Cells from Nasal Turbinate as a Cellular Model of the Neurodevelopmental Component of Schizophrenia Etiology

Cultured Mesenchymal Cells from Nasal Turbinate as a Cellular Model of the Neurodevelopmental Component of Schizophrenia Etiology

Brain Microvascular Pericytes in Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

Stem Cell-Derived Nanovesicles: A Novel Cell-Free Therapy for Wound Healing

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