Brain morphology in first-episode schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging studies

Vita, Antonio; Peri, Luca De; Silenzi, Carlo; Dieci, M.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.11.004

Cited by 340 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 64 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

199

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A plausible and often cited explanation is that these less severe morphometric abnormalities are primarily due to the genetic factors of schizophrenia, and with additional contributions from yet unknown environmental effects that relatives and schizophrenia probands share (Seidman and Wencel 2003). That schizophrenia susceptibility genes have major influences on these intermediary brain volume abnormalities in nonpsychotic relatives is supported by indirect evidence from several lines of investigations: schizophrenia is a genetic disorder (Kendler and Robinette 1983;Sullivan et al 2003), subtle but well-replicated global and regional brain volume deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia (Honea et al 2005;Pantelis et al 2005;Steen et al 2006;Vita et al 2006;Wright et al 2000), and brain volume is a heritable trait (Narr et al 2002;Pfefferbaum et al 2004;Thompson et al 2001). In line with the prevailing concept of schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disorder (Murray and Lewis 1987;Weinberger 1987), it has been further postulated that aberrant synaptic pruning, programmed cell death and/or synaptic plasticity affecting schizophrenia patients (Feinberg 1982) may also have similar but less severe effects on reducing fronto-temporal brain volumes in nonpsychotic relatives (Keshavan et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI brain volume abnormalities in young, nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenia probands are associated with subsequent prodromal symptoms

2007

Schizophrenia Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Schizophrenia is characterized by subtle but well-replicated total and regional (frontal and temporal) brain tissue volume deficits. Studies of individuals at-risk for developing schizophrenia suggest that the onset of brain volume decrement may closely pre-date overt manifestations of schizophrenia, making brain volume abnormalities potential predictors for early identification. In an ongoing longitudinal morphometric MRI study of young, nonpsychotic first-or second-degree relatives of schizophrenia probands, we compared brain volumes in 46 relatives who are still within age range for developing schizophrenia against comparison groups of 46 schizophrenia patients and 46 healthy volunteers without family history of schizophrenia. Relatives had similar brain volume abnormalities as schizophrenia patients albeit less severe. Relatives had significantly larger whole brain, frontal, temporal and parietal gray matter (GM) volumes than patients. Relatives also had significantly smaller frontal GM volumes than healthy volunteers. Both relatives and patients had significantly larger whole brain WM (specifically parietal WM) volumes compared to healthy volunteers. Abnormally greater WM volumes in relatives and patients are suggestive of genetically-mediated dysmaturation of the age-expected myelination during adolescence through mid adulthood. On prodromal symptoms assessed in relatives one year after MRI brain scans, initial GM deficits as well as larger WM volumes correlated significantly with greater severity of subsequent prodromal symptoms. Together with previous genetic high-risk studies of adolescent or young adult relatives, these findings indicate that premorbid MRI brain abnormalities may be of predictive value for the early identification of schizophrenia.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI brain volume abnormalities in young, nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenia probands are associated with subsequent prodromal symptoms

2007

Schizophrenia Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although reduced hippocampal volume has been a common finding in studies examining chronic schizophrenia (Ellison-Wright et al, 2008;Haijma et al, 2012), there is conflicting evidence of hippocampal volume loss in first episode schizophrenia (Borgwardt et al, 2007;Ebdrup, 2010;Vita et al, 2006). One recent study identified hippocampal volume reduction in first episode schizophrenia but not in first episode affective psychosis subjects (de CastroManglano et al, 2011).…”

Section: Sub-cortical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abnormalities such as ventricular enlargement and hippocampal and basal ganglia volume reduction have been reported in first episode schizophrenia (Ellison-Wright et al, 2008;Vita et al, 2006). However, patients experiencing the less specific first episode of psychosis (FEP) appear to have more subtle deficits, with a recent meta-analysis identifying reduced grey matter volume in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG), bilateral insula and cerebellum (Fusar-Poli et al, 2011b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical thinning and caudate abnormalities in first episode psychosis and their association with clinical outcome

Scanlon

Anderson‐Schmidt

Kilmartin

et al. 2014

Schizophrenia Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

First episode psychosis (FEP) has been associated with structural brain changes, largely identified by volumetric analyses. Advances in neuroimaging processing have made it possible to measure geometric properties that may identify subtle structural changes not appreciated by a measure of volume alone. In this study we adopt complementary methods of assessing the structural integrity of grey matter in FEP patients and assess whether these relate to patient clinical and functional outcome at 3 year follow-up. 1.5 Tesla T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance (MR) images were acquired for 46 patients experiencing their first episode of psychosis and 46 healthy controls. Cerebral cortical thickness and local gyrification index (LGI) were investigated using FreeSurfer software. Volume and shape of the hippocampus, caudate and lateral ventricles were assessed using manual tracing and spherical harmonics applied for shape description. A cluster of cortical thinning was identified in FEP compared to controls; this was located in the right superior temporal gyrus, sulcus, extended into the middle temporal gyrus (lateral temporal cortex -LTC). Bilateral caudate volumes were significantly lower in FEP relative to controls and the right caudate also displayed regions of shape deflation in the FEP group. No significant structural abnormalities were identified in cortical LGI or hippocampal or lateral ventricle volume/shape. Neither LTC nor caudate abnormalities were related to change in symptom severity or global functioning 3 years later. LTC and caudate abnormalities are present at the first episode of psychosis but do not appear to directly affect clinical or functional outcome.

show abstract

“…These regions were selected as seed clusters for the connectivity analysis on the basis of our previous finding that delta-9-THC and CBD have opposite effects on the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in these regions during the oddball salience processing task and that the induction of psychotic symptoms by delta-9-THC was related to its the effect on activation in the striatum (Bhattacharyya et al, 2012c). Furthermore, these regions have been implicated in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia (MeyerLindenberg, 2010;Vita et al, 2006). In particular, psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia have been related to increased dopaminergic activity in the striatum (Guillin et al, 2007) and may be exacerbated by cannabis use (D'Souza et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoid Modulation of Functional Connectivity within Regions Processing Attentional Salience

Bhattacharyya

Falkenberg

Martín‐Santos

et al. 2014

Neuropsychopharmacol

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is now considerable evidence to support the hypothesis that psychotic symptoms are the result of abnormal salience attribution, and that the attribution of salience is largely mediated through the prefrontal cortex, the striatum, and the hippocampus. Although these areas show differential activation under the influence of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), the two major derivatives of cannabis sativa, little is known about the effects of these cannabinoids on the functional connectivity between these regions. We investigated this in healthy occasional cannabis users by employing event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) following oral administration of delta-9-THC, CBD, or a placebo capsule. Employing a seed cluster-based functional connectivity analysis that involved using the average time series from each seed cluster for a whole-brain correlational analysis, we investigated the effect of drug condition on functional connectivity between the seed clusters and the rest of the brain during an oddball salience processing task. Relative to the placebo condition, delta-9-THC and CBD had opposite effects on the functional connectivity between the dorsal striatum, the prefrontal cortex, and the hippocampus. Delta-9-THC reduced fronto-striatal connectivity, which was related to its effect on task performance, whereas this connection was enhanced by CBD. Conversely, mediotemporal-prefrontal connectivity was enhanced by delta-9-THC and reduced by CBD. Our results suggest that the functional integration of brain regions involved in salience processing is differentially modulated by single doses of delta-9-THC and CBD and that this relates to the processing of salient stimuli.

show abstract

Brain morphology in first-episode schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging studies

Cited by 340 publications

References 64 publications

MRI brain volume abnormalities in young, nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenia probands are associated with subsequent prodromal symptoms

MRI brain volume abnormalities in young, nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenia probands are associated with subsequent prodromal symptoms

Cortical thinning and caudate abnormalities in first episode psychosis and their association with clinical outcome

Cannabinoid Modulation of Functional Connectivity within Regions Processing Attentional Salience

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About