Brain nervous mechanisms involved in the so-called extra pyramidal motor and psychomotor disturbances

Poirier, Louis; Filion, Michel; Langelier, P.; Larochelle, L.

doi:10.1016/0301-0082(75)90019-2

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 196 publications

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“…12,23,24,28 In the parkinsonian brain, the dopamine level in the substantia nigra, putamen, and caudate nucleus is low. 14 ,2J Dopamine deficiency in the nigra neostriatum may lead to increased inhibition in the globus pallidus, possibly via GABA (y-aminobutyric acid)-ergic mechanisms, which then inhibits the initiation of movement.…”

Section: Pallidum In Movement Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leksell's posteroventral pallidotomy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Laitinen¹,

Bergenheim²,

Hariz³

1992

Journal of Neurosurgery

998

491

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Between 1985 and 1990, the authors performed stereotactic posteroventral pallidotomies on 38 patients with Parkinson's disease whose main complaint was hypokinesia. Upon re-examination 2 to 71 months after surgery (mean 28 months), complete or almost complete relief of rigidity and hypokinesia was observed in 92% of the patients. Of the 32 patients who before surgery also suffered from tremor, 26 (81%) had complete or almost complete relief of tremor. The L-dopa-induced dyskinesias and muscle pain had greatly improved or disappeared in most patients, and gait and speech volume also showed remarkable improvement. Complications were observed in seven patients: six had a permanent partial homonymous hemianopsia (one also had transient dysphasia and facial weakness) and one developed transitory hemiparesis 1 week after pallidotomy. The results presented here confirm the 1960 findings of Svennilson, et al., that parkinsonian tremor, rigidity, and hypokinesia can be effectively abolished by posteroventral pallidotomy, an approach developed in 1956 and 1957 by Lars Leksell. The positive effect of posteroventral pallidotomy is believed to be based on the interruption of some striopallidal or subthalamopallidal pathways, which results in disinhibition of medial pallidal activity necessary for movement control.

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Section: Pallidum In Movement Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leksell's posteroventral pallidotomy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Laitinen¹,

Bergenheim²,

Hariz³

1992

Journal of Neurosurgery

998

491

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“…Bradykinesia which may be associated with an impairment of catecholamine metabolism (and more Over approximately the last three decades the characteristic signs of Parkinsonism have been experimentally reproduced by lesions or drugs or a combination of both procedures in monkeys (Poirier and Sourkes, 1972;Poirier et al, 1975).…”

Section: Summary: Postural or Parkinson-like Tremor Which Results Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiopathology of Experimental Parkinsonism in the Monkey

Poirier

Filion

Larochelle

et al. 1975

Can. j. neurol. sci.

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“…Occasionally, the rhythmic bursts would occur at the tremor frequency. On the administration of apomorphine (Poirier, Filion, Langelier & Larochelle, 1975), a direct dopamine agonist, the neurones reduced their firing frequency in association with recovery from the akinesia, the tremor and the rigidity. In the present investigation also, some spontaneously discharging neurones were found after reserpine administration and it may be that these were of the neuronal class observed by Poirier et al (1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of reserpine on motor activity and pallidal discharge in monkeys: implications for the genesis of akinesia

Iansek

1980

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. A reversible disturbance of basal ganglia function was produced in monkeys by the intramuscular administration of reserpine. 2. Pallidal discharge was then compared with that recorded in the same animals during movement performance and following passive manipulation of the limbs.3. Akinesia, loss of postural support of the trunk, head and neck and absent postural reflexes were the predominant motor abnormalities produced by reserpine administration.4. Occasionally, postural tremor and catatonia were apparent. Rigidity and resting tremor were absent. 5. Recordings made in the pallidum during the presence of akinesia revealed a marked reduction in natural neuronal discharge.6. Some pallidal neurones that remained active were driven in an uncharacteristic manner by peripherally generated afferent inputs from wide territories and by a variety of peripheral stimuli.7. The findings suggest the hypothesis that the akinesia in these animals was due to the diminished pallidal activity, and that pallidal discharge is normally a prerequisite for the performance of spontaneous motor activity. Pallidal neuronal firing may provide a background excitability to motor regions involved in the maintenance and elaboration of natural motor activity.

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Brain nervous mechanisms involved in the so-called extra pyramidal motor and psychomotor disturbances

Cited by 26 publications

References 196 publications

Leksell's posteroventral pallidotomy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Leksell's posteroventral pallidotomy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Physiopathology of Experimental Parkinsonism in the Monkey

The effects of reserpine on motor activity and pallidal discharge in monkeys: implications for the genesis of akinesia

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