Brain network segregation and integration during an epoch-related working memory fMRI experiment

Fransson, Peter; Schiffler, Björn C.; Thompson, William

doi:10.1101/252338

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…One possible explanation for the call for wider networks to resolve conflict during drowsiness would be the need for involvement of extended neural resources to solve the same task, as seen previously in older adults when they are matched in performance to younger adults (Reuter-Lorenz and Cappell, 2008;Spreng et al, 2017). Convergent evidence is drawn from cognitive control studies, where the frontoparietal control networks are further recruited with higher cognitive load (Liang et al, 2016;Fransson et al, 2018), tasks possibly reflecting the higher need for neural resources. In other words, the brain's capacity for plasticity allows for the expansion of conflict networks in cases where another element in the system (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Decreased alertness reconfigures cognitive control networks

Canales‐Johnson

Beerendonk

Blain

et al. 2019

Preprint

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18Humans are remarkably capable of adapting their behaviour flexibly based on rapid situational 19 changes: a capacity termed cognitive control. Intuitively, cognitive control is thought to be affected by 20 the state of alertness, for example, when sleepy or drowsy, we feel less capable of adequately 21implementing effortful cognitive tasks. Although scientific investigations have focused on the effects 22 of sleep deprivation and circadian time, little is known about how natural fluctuations in alertness in 23 the regular awake state affect cognitive control. Here we combined a conflict task in the auditory 24 domain with neurodynamics -EEG recordings-to test how neural and behavioural markers of conflict 25processing are affected by fluctuations in arousal. Using a novel computational method, we 26 segregated alert and drowsy trials from a three hour testing session and observed that, although 27 participants were generally slower, the typical slower responses to conflicting information, compared 28to non-conflicting information, was still intact, as well as the effect of previous trials (i.e. conflict 29 adaptation). However, the behaviour was not matched by the typical neural markers of cognitive 30control -local medio-frontal theta-band power changes-, that participants showed during full alertness. 31Instead, a decrease in power of medio-frontal theta was accompanied by an increase in long-range 32 information sharing (connectivity) between brain regions in the same frequency band. The results 33show the resilience of the human cognitive control system when affected by internal fluctuations of 34 our arousal state and suggests a neural compensatory mechanism when the system is under 35physiological pressure due to diminished alertness. 36

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Decreased alertness reconfigures cognitive control networks

Canales‐Johnson

Beerendonk

Blain

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…While not tested explicitly in this study, the implication for this result is that the topological signature of the brain could provide important constraints on the manner in which different neural regions could respond across unique cognitive contexts. Previous research has found a wealth of evidence regarding the importance of states of more integration and/or segregation while performing cognitive tasks (Bassett et al, 2015; Cohen & D’Esposito, 2016; Cole et al, 2013; Fransson et al, 2018; Hearne et al, 2017; Shine et al, 2016). Increased excitability of local stimulation has a complex effect on the topological reconfiguration of the network.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite promising links to behaviour, the neuroscientific interpretation of these fluctuations however remains an open scientific question (Shine & Poldrack, 2018). There is evidence to suggest that the brain can shift towards integration during task performance (Cohen & D’Esposito, 2016; Shine et al, 2016), while others have argued that the interplay of a subset of segregated systems is also crucial (Fransson et al, 2018). These lines of inquiry suggest that the dynamic balance between integration and segregation is perhaps the most critical feature of whole-brain organization (Park & Friston, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracranial electrical stimulation alters meso-scale network integration as a function of network topology

Thompson

Estéban

Oya

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Human brain dynamics are organized into a multi-scale network structure that contains multiple tight-knit, meso-scale communities. Recent work has demonstrated that many psychological capacities, as well as impairments in cognitive function secondary to damage, can be mapped onto organizing principles at this mesoscopic scale. However, we still don’t know the rules that govern the dynamic interactions between regions that are constrained by the topology of the broader network. In this preregistered study, we utilized a unique human dataset in which whole brain BOLD-fMRI activity was recorded simultaneously with intracranial electrical stimulation, to characterize the effects of direct neural stimulation on the dynamic reconfiguration of the broader network. Direct neural stimulation increased the extent to which the stimulation site’s own mesoscale community integrated with the rest of the brain. Further, we found that these network changes depended on the topological role of the stimulation site itself: stimulating regions with high participation coefficients led to global integration, whereas stimulating sites with low participation coefficients integrated that regions’ own community with the rest of the brain. These findings provide direct causal evidence for how network topology shapes and constrains inter-regional coordination, and suggest applications for targeted therapeutic interventions in patients with deep-brain stimulation.

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“…This competition among modules in brain functional organization is dynamically adjusted to support cognitive functions that involve alterations in functional segregation and integration 13,15 and allows highly flexible information communication across local and global scales. Indeed, different cognitive tasks have heterogeneous demands regarding segregated and integrated brain network processes 13,16,[43][44][45][46] . For example, a previous study found increased segregation underlying successful motor execution and increased integration underlying successful working memory 8 .…”

Section: Decreased Brain Network Global Integration At the Task Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Brain Transitions Between Hierarchical Network Segregation and Integration Predict Human Behavior

Wang

Chang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Cognition involves locally segregated and globally integrated processing. This process is hierarchically organized, linking to evidence from hierarchical modules in brain networks. However, it remains a mystery how flexible transitions between these hierarchical processes are associated with human behavior. Here, we used a multisource interference task and measured hierarchical segregation and integration across multiple levels. Our results show more flexible transitions between segregated and integrated brain states in the task state. Crucially, brain flexibility in resting and task states was associated with human behavior. To achieve a better performance, the resting brain is optimized to be more flexible, such that it is prepared to more efficiently switch into a task state where the brain needs less flexibility to stably perform the task. Our hierarchical modular analysis was more effective in detecting the alterations in functional organization and the phenotype of human behavior than graph-based network measures at a single level.

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Brain network segregation and integration during an epoch-related working memory fMRI experiment

Cited by 7 publications

References 62 publications

Decreased alertness reconfigures cognitive control networks

Decreased alertness reconfigures cognitive control networks

Intracranial electrical stimulation alters meso-scale network integration as a function of network topology

Flexible Brain Transitions Between Hierarchical Network Segregation and Integration Predict Human Behavior

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