Brain response abnormalities during verbal learning among patients with schizophrenia

Eyler, Lisa T.; Jeste, Dilip V.; Brown, Gregory G.

doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.03.009

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Frontal activations greater for the “generate” compared to the “read” condition (Figure 1A, Table 1A) reflect semantic retrieval processes (Damasio, et al 1996, Thompson-Schill, et al 1997, Badre, et al 2005) as well as speech production (Soros, et al 2006), and these are consistent with other studies examining verbal encoding (Buckner, et al 1999, Mottaghy, et al 1999, Bassett, et al 2006, Murray & Ranganath 2007, Eyler, et al 2008), or encoding of images using a verbal elaboration strategy (Kirchhoff & Buckner 2006). Furthermore, studies examining increased depth-of-processing during encoding found that inferior frontal regions were involved when to-be-encoded information was more deeply processed (Otten, et al 2001, Fliessbach, et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Cortical correlates of self-generation in verbal paired associate learning

et al. 2012

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Behavioral studies have shown that verbal information is better retained when it is self-generated rather than read (learned passively). We used fMRI and a paired associates task to examine brain networks underlying self-generated memory encoding. Subjects were 49 healthy English speakers ages 19–62 (30 female). In the fMRI task, related word pairs were presented in a “read” condition, where subjects viewed both words and read the second word aloud, or a “generate” condition, where the second word was presented with only the first letter and the subject was required to generate the word. Thirty word pairs were presented in each condition. After the fMRI scan, words that were read or generated were presented, each with two foils, in a forced-choice recognition task. On the recognition post-test, words from the “generate” condition were more correctly recognized than from the “read” condition (80.0% for generated words versus 72.0% for read words; t(48) = 5.17, p < 0.001). FMRI revealed increased activation for generate>read in inferior/middle frontal gyri bilaterally (L>R), anterior cingulate, and caudate nucleus and the temporo-parietal-occipital junction bilaterally. For the “read” condition, better subsequent memory performance across individual subjects was positively correlated with activation in the cuneus bilaterally. In the “generate” condition, better subsequent memory performance was positively correlated with activation in the left superior temporal gyrus. These results suggest that self-generation improves memory performance, that enhanced cortical activation accompanies self-generated encoding, and that recruitment of a specific brain network underlies self-generated encoding. The findings may have implications for the development of procedures to enhance memory performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Cortical correlates of self-generation in verbal paired associate learning

et al. 2012

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“…In addition to whole group analysis, analyses were also conducted between patients with schizophrenia and healthy participants who were matched on probabilistic category learning rate and performance levels. Differential brain activation has been shown during error processing relative to response competition, inhibition, or selection (Menon et al 2001) illustrating the importance of performance matching between patient and control groups to show effects of the disease processes on brain activity (Curtis et al 2001; Davis et al 2007; Eyler et al 2008; Gould et al 2006). Since the groups in the present study were not matched on performance, a subsequent group X condition interaction was performed in which patients and healthy adults were compared on the basis of being classified as good learners.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates of Probabilistic Category Learning in Patients with Schizophrenia

Weickert¹,

Goldberg²,

Callicott³

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

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Functional neuroimaging studies of probabilistic category learning in healthy adults report activation of cortical-striatal circuitry. Based on previous findings of normal learning rate concurrent with an overall performance deficit in patients with schizophrenia, we hypothesized that relative to healthy adults, patients with schizophrenia would display preserved caudate nucleus and abnormal prefrontal cortex activation during probabilistic category learning. Forty patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotic medication and 25 healthy participants were assessed on interleaved blocks of probabilistic category learning and control tasks while undergoing blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. In addition to the whole sample of patients with schizophrenia and healthy adults, a subset of patients and healthy adults matched for good learning was also compared. In the whole sample analysis, patients with schizophrenia displayed impaired performance in conjunction with normal learning rate relative to healthy adults. The matched comparison of patients and healthy adults classified as good learners revealed greater caudate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity in the healthy adults and greater activation in a more rostral region of the dorsolateral prefrontal, cingulate, parahippocampal and parietal cortex in patients. These results demonstrate that successful probabilistic category learning can occur in the absence of normal frontal-striatal function. Based on analyses of the patients and healthy adults matched on learning and performance, a minority of patients with schizophrenia achieve successful probabilistic category learning and performance levels through differential activation of a circumscribed neural network which suggests a compensatory mechanism in patients showing successful learning.

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“…Whereas the anterior hippocampus modulates emotional and affective processes, its posterior part is implicated in memory function and cognition (Fanselow and Dong 2010). Schizophrenia is associated with a compromised regulation of affect and a progressive cognitive decline -especially in the chronic disease -suggesting an involvement of both anterior and posterior hippocampal structures to schizophrenic pathology (Pegues et al 2003;Eyler et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%