Brain structural correlates of schizotypy and psychosis proneness in a non-clinical healthy volunteer sample

Nenadić, Igor; Lorenz, Carsten; Langbein, Kerstin; Dietzek, Maren; Smesny, Stefan; Schönfeld, Nils; Fañanás, Lourdes; Sauer, Heinrich; Gaser, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.06.017

Cited by 50 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…It is currently unclear whether these two concepts may be used interchangeably and synonymously, and more research is needed with regard to the construct, concurrent, and discriminant validity of widely-used self-report scales of schizotypy (Nelson et al, 2013). Recent results suggest that psychosis proneness and schizotypal personality disorder differ with regard to their neurobiological correlates (e.g., Nenadic et al, 2015). The current study provided evidence for an association of SOB and schizotypal personality disorder in the adult general population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Season of birth and population schizotypy: Results from a large sample of the adult general population

Konrath

Beckius

Tran

2016

Psychiatry Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Season of birth and population schizotypy: Results from a large sample of the adult general population

Konrath

Beckius

Tran

2016

Psychiatry Research

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“…Unlike the UHR research paradigm, which designates help-seeking individuals showing attenuated clinical signs of psychosis who are in the putative prodrome of a psychotic illness (as determined with clinical diagnostic interviews such as the Comprehensive Assessment of At Risk Mental States 32 ), the HS paradigm involves typically non-treatment-seeking individuals from the general population who show high levels of schizotypy or subclinical psychotic experiences, commonly identified through psychometrically validated self-report measures (for example, the Oxford and Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE) questionnaire, 33 or the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) 4 ). On the basis of evidence for corticolimbic dysfunction during emotional processing in healthy people with subclinical psychotic experiences, 29, 34, 35 largely convergent with reports of structural abnormalities in overlapping regions in such individuals, 36, 37, 38 and the above-mentioned magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) findings in schizophrenia and UHR studies, we hypothesized that, relative to those with LS, HS subjects would show (1) corticolimbic circuit hyper-reactivity to emotional stimuli, (2) increased Glu levels in the ACC and that (3) interactions between these two measures would be altered in subjects with HS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Corticolimbic hyper-response to emotion and glutamatergic function in people with high schizotypy: a multimodal fMRI-MRS study

et al. 2017

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Animal models and human neuroimaging studies suggest that altered levels of glutamatergic metabolites within a corticolimbic circuit have a major role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Rodent models propose that prefrontal glutamate dysfunction could lead to amygdala hyper-response to environmental stress and underlie hippocampal overdrive in schizophrenia. Here we determine whether changes in brain glutamate are present in individuals with high schizotypy (HS), which refers to the presence of schizophrenia-like characteristics in healthy individuals, and whether glutamate levels are related to altered corticolimbic response to emotion. Twenty-one healthy HS subjects and 22 healthy subjects with low schizotypy (LS) were selected based on their Oxford and Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences rating. Glutamate levels were measured in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, followed by a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan to measure corticolimbic response during emotional processing. fMRI results and fMRI × glutamate interactions were considered significant after voxel-wise P<0.05 family-wise error correction. While viewing emotional pictures, HS individuals showed greater activation than did subjects with LS in the caudate, and marginally in the ACC, hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and putamen. Although no between-group differences were found in glutamate concentrations, within the HS group ACC glutamate was negatively correlated with striatal activation (left: z=4.30, P=0.004 and right: z=4.12 P=0.008 caudate; left putamen: z=3.89, P=0.018) and marginally with MPFC (z=3.55, P=0.052) and amygdala (left: z=2.88, P=0.062; right: z=2.79, P=0.079), correlations that were not present in LS subjects. These findings provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that brain glutamate levels are associated with hyper-responsivity in brain regions thought to be critical in the pathophysiology of psychosis.

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“…Other subcortical regions, such as the anterior limb of the internal capsule that connects thalamic structures to prefrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus [119], as well as interconnecting structures of the thalamus [126], are also reduced in length in schizotypal personality disorder. Recently, Nenadic et al [100] reported a positive correlation between the precuneus and negative symptoms of schizotypal personality disorder as measured by the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences. To examine the role of the default-mode network, Zhang et al [101] conducted a study on 18 patients with schizotypal personality disorder and 18 healthy participants, and found increased connectivity in its anterior and posterior components.…”

Section: Schizotypal Personality Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Neuroimaging Features of Personality Disorders: State of the Art

Fan

Shen

et al. 2016

Neurosci. Bull.

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Personality disorders often act as a common denominator for many psychiatric problems, and studies on personality disorders contribute to the etiopathology, diagnosis, and treatment of many mental disorders. In recent years, increasing evidence from various studies has shown distinctive features of personality disorders, and that from genetic and neuroimaging studies has been especially valuable. Genetic studies primarily target the genes encoding neurotransmitters and enzymes in the serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems, and neuroimaging studies mainly focus on the frontal and temporal lobes as well as the limbic-paralimbic system in patients with personality disorders. Although some studies have suffered due to unclear diagnoses of personality disorders and some have included few patients for a given personality disorder, great opportunities remain for investigators to launch new ideas and technologies in the field.

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Brain structural correlates of schizotypy and psychosis proneness in a non-clinical healthy volunteer sample

Cited by 50 publications

References 45 publications

Season of birth and population schizotypy: Results from a large sample of the adult general population

Season of birth and population schizotypy: Results from a large sample of the adult general population

Corticolimbic hyper-response to emotion and glutamatergic function in people with high schizotypy: a multimodal fMRI-MRS study

Genetic and Neuroimaging Features of Personality Disorders: State of the Art

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