Brain substrates activated by electroacupuncture (EA) of different frequencies (II): role of Fos/Jun proteins in EA-induced transcription of preproenkephalin and preprodynorphin genes

Guo, Hongyan; Tian, Jian; Wang, Xiaomin; Fang, Yuan; Hou, Yueping; Han, Ji-Sheng

doi:10.1016/s0169-328x(96)00171-4

Cited by 65 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…8 Changes in the expression of analgesic genes may contribute to the sustained effects. [9][10][11] Acupuncture releases serotonin, 12 oxytocin, 13 and endogenous steroids, 14 which may further contribute to analgesia. Acupuncture is particularly useful for treatment of myofascial pain as it deactivates trigger points.…”

Section: Scientific Background To Acupuncturementioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for Providing Acupuncture Treatment for Cancer Patients – a Peer-Reviewed Sample Policy Document

Filshie

Hester

2006

Acupunct Med

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Clinical guidelines are statements that have been systematically developed and which aim to assist clinicians in making decisions about treatment for specific conditions, and promote best practice. They are linked to evidence and are meant to facilitate good medical practice. We are not aware of any guidelines for the safe practice of acupuncture in a conventional healthcare setting, yet they are necessary as acupuncture may be performed in a variety of settings and by a variety of healthcare professionals: doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, midwives, and non medically trained practitioners. These guidelines were developed for use in cancer patients, mainly for pain but also for some non-pain indications such as hot flushes. They are presented here as a template for other acupuncturists who are requested to provide policies for acupuncture treatment for cancer patients.This article includes a general review of the evidence on mechanisms, effectiveness and safety of acupuncture that is intended to be used in conjunction with the guidelines; and the guidelines themselves. An appendix includes instructions for self acupuncture. The guidelines contain sections on roles and responsibilities, criteria for acupuncture practice, indications for acupuncture, contraindications and cautions, acupuncture treatment, and review and audit. These guidelines set basic, minimum standards of care, and need reassessment and ongoing validation as further data and evidence accumulate.

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Section: Scientific Background To Acupuncturementioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for Providing Acupuncture Treatment for Cancer Patients – a Peer-Reviewed Sample Policy Document

Filshie

Hester

2006

Acupunct Med

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“…Using combined lesion techniques and evoked potentials, Takeshige et al (20)(21)(22)(23)(24) reported that the dorsal periaqueductal gray (PAG) arcuate nucleus, lateral and posterior hypothalamus, lateral septum, dorsal hippocampus, habenula-interpeduncular tract, central medial nucleus of the thalamus and anterior hypothalamus are involved in acupuncture analgesia. Studies with mapping of neuronal activity using c-Fos immunohistochemistry in unanesthetized animals have shown that both 2 and 100 Hz EA can up-regulate c-Fos expression in several regions of the brain, including the lateral habenula, PVH, arcuate nucleus, PAG and gigantocellular nucleus (25,26). However, these studies did not evaluate c-Fos expression induced by non-point stimulation and showed a minimal or absent c-Fos expression in their naive and needle groups (the latter consisting of animals only subjected to needle insertion without electrical stimulation).…”

Section: Specific Effect Of Stimulation At Point 36smentioning

confidence: 99%

c-Fos expression induced by electroacupuncture at the Zusanli point in rats submitted to repeated immobilization

Medeiros

Canteras

Suchecki

et al. 2003

Braz J Med Biol Res

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In laboratory animals, acupuncture needs to be performed on either anesthetized or, if unanesthetized, restrained subjects. Both procedures up-regulate c-Fos expression in several areas of the central nervous system, representing therefore a major pitfall for the assessment of c-Fos expression induced by electroacupuncture. Thus, in order to reduce the effect of acute restraint we used a protocol of repeated restraint for the assessment of the brain areas activated by electroacupuncture in adult male Wistar rats weighing 180-230 g. Repeated immobilization protocols (6 days, 1 h/day and 13 days, 2 h/ day) were used to reduce the effect of acute immobilization stress on the c-Fos expression induced by electroacupuncture at the Zusanli point (EA36S). Animals submitted to immobilization alone or to electroacupuncture (100 Hz, 2-4 V, faradic wave) in a non-point region were compared to animals submitted to electroacupuncture at EA36S (4 animals/subgroup). c-Fos expression was measured in 41 brain areas by simple counting of cells and the results are reported as number of c-Fos-immunoreactive cells/10,000 µm 2 . The protocols of repeated immobilization significantly reduced the immobilizationinduced c-Fos expression in most of the brain areas analyzed (P < 0.05). Animals of the EA36S groups had significantly higher levels of c-Fos expression in the dorsal raphe nucleus, locus coeruleus, posterior hypothalamus and central medial nucleus of the thalamus. Furthermore, the repeated immobilization protocols intensified the differences between the effects of 36S and non-point stimulation in the dorsal raphe nucleus (P < 0.05). These data suggest that high levels of stress can interact with and mask the evaluation of specific effects of acupuncture in unanesthetized animals.

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“…7 The sustained effects of acupuncture may be due to genetic upregulation of pain inhibitory systems, with increased production of precursors such as preprodynorphin and preprometenkephalin. 8 Acupuncture has widespread autonomic effects, eg the normalisation of gastric motility. Bowsher, White and Pomeranz review the neurophysiology in greater depth.…”

Section: Neurophysiological Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary medicine: evidence base, competence to practice and regulation

et al. 2003

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-This paper describes the current status and evidence base for acupuncture, homeopathy, herbal and manipulative medicine, as well as the regulatory framework within which these therapies are provided. It also explores the present role of the Royal College of Physicians' Subcommittee on Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in relation to these developments. A number of CAM professions have encouraged the Royal College of Physicians Subcommittee to act as a reference point for their discussions with the conventional medical profession and the subcomittee believes that they are able to fulfil this function.

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Brain substrates activated by electroacupuncture (EA) of different frequencies (II): role of Fos/Jun proteins in EA-induced transcription of preproenkephalin and preprodynorphin genes

Cited by 65 publications

References 26 publications

Guidelines for Providing Acupuncture Treatment for Cancer Patients – a Peer-Reviewed Sample Policy Document

Guidelines for Providing Acupuncture Treatment for Cancer Patients – a Peer-Reviewed Sample Policy Document

c-Fos expression induced by electroacupuncture at the Zusanli point in rats submitted to repeated immobilization

Complementary medicine: evidence base, competence to practice and regulation

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