Brain systems and long-term memory

Thompson, Robert

doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(83)91047-6

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 264 publications

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“…In addition to the recording and electrical stimulation of neuronal activity, lesion studies constitute an important method to demonstrate physiological involvement of localized brain areas for sensory processing, behavioral functions, learning, and memory (Thompson 1983;Olton 1986;Isaacson 1988) despite the principal incapacity of the lesion method to identify the lesioned brain areas as essential for these functions (e.g., Grobstein 1990). The latter fact might in part explain the divergent views reported in the literature about the relevance of auditory cortex in learning and sensory discrimination as deduced from results of lesion experiments.…”

Section: Lesion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, for a given species, the relevance of auditory cortex seems to be dependent on the complexity of auditory signals as well as details of the training paradigm. Hence, the current state of research does not yet allow broader generalizations about the role of auditory cortex in stimulus processing and learning independent of species, stimuli, and task (e.g., Thompson 1983Thompson , 1997Bullock 1997;Heffner 1997). It is therefore necessary to determine the relevance of auditory cortex in important learning and performance paradigms for selected species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bilateral Ablation of Auditory Cortex in Mongolian Gerbil Affects Discrimination of Frequency Modulated Tones but not of Pure Tones

Ohl¹,

Wetzel²,

Wagner³

et al. 1999

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150

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This study examines the role of auditory cortex in the Mongolian gerbil in differential conditioning to pure tones and to linearly frequency-modulated (FM) tones by analyzing the effects of bilateral auditory cortex ablation. Learning behavior and performance were studied in a GO/NO-GO task aiming at avoidance of a mild foot shock by crossing a hurdle in a two-way shuttle box. Hurdle crossing as the conditioned response to the reinforced stimulus (CR+), as false alarm in response to the unreinforced stimulus (CR−), intertrial activity, and reaction times were monitored. The analysis revealed no effects of lesion on pure tone discrimination but impairment of FM tone discrimination. In the latter case lesion effects were dependent on timing of lesion relative to FM tone discrimination training. Lesions before training in naive animals led to a reduced CR+ rate and had no effect on CR− rate. Lesions in pretrained animals led to an increased CR− rate without effects on the CR+ rate. The results suggest that auditory cortex plays a more critical role in discrimination of FM tones than in discrimination of pure tones. The different lesion effects on FM tone discrimination before and after training are compatible with both the hypothesis of a purely sensory deficit in FM tone processing and the hypothesis of a differential involvement of auditory cortex in acquisition and retention, respectively.

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Section: Lesion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral Ablation of Auditory Cortex in Mongolian Gerbil Affects Discrimination of Frequency Modulated Tones but not of Pure Tones

Ohl¹,

Wetzel²,

Wagner³

et al. 1999

Learn. Mem.

150

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“…Second, lesions to the globus pallidus, substantia nigra, median raphe, or pontine reticular formation produce not only a generalized learning impairment, but a generalized retention impairment as well (Thompson, 1978(Thompson, , 1983b. These results suggest that the learning impairments arising from lesions to the foregoing structures may be referable to interference not only with those central processes concerned with short-term (working) memory, but with those processes concerned with storage or retrieval of learning experiences as well.…”

Section: The General Learning Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detour problem-solving behavior in rats with early lesions to the “general learning system”

1984

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Recent studies involving visual and nonvisual discrimination habits suggest that the components of the rodent's general (nonspecific) learning system (a group of brain structures essential for normal acquisition of a wide range oflaboratory tasks) include the regions of the globus pallidus, lateral thalamus, substantia nigra, midbrain central gray, median raphe, and pontine reticular formation. To determine whether these regions playa role in more complex kinds oflearning, young rats previously subjected to selective lesions to these brain sites received five trials on each of three "climbing" detour problems. Performance on Triall (a measure of response flexibility) as well as performance on Trials 2-5 (a measure of detour habit formation) of each problem was significantly impaired in those groups with damage to the globus pallidus, substantia nigra, median raphe, or pontine reticular formation. On the other hand, those groups with damage to the lateral thalamus or midbrain central gray failed to display consistent deficits in detour problemsolving behavior. This pattern of results suggests that the latter two structures can no longer be grouped with the globus pallidus, substantia nigra, median raphe, and pontine reticular formation as components of the rodent's general learning system. 193

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“…The evidence favoring this conceptualization is admittedly scant and subject to other interpretations. However, it does have the virtue of providing a framework within which the results of a wide range of lesion studies on animal learning and memory can be interpreted (see Thompson, 1983).…”

Section: Anatomical and Functional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific brain lesions producing nonspecific (generalized) learning impairments in weanling rats

Thompson

Yü

1983

Psychobiology

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Recent studies suggest that lesions to the globus pallidus, lateral thalamus, ventrolateral thalamus, parafascicular thalamus, substantia nigra, or midbrain central gray in adult rats are associated with a nonspecific (generalized) learning impairment. The present study showed that lesions to anyone of the foregoing structures, except the ventrolateral and parafascicular thalamus, in 21-day-old rats likewise produce a generalized learning impairment, as evidenced by significant deficits on a white-black discrimination, a nonvisual ll-deg incline-plane discrimination, and a 3-cul maze. A possible brain-injured animal model of mental retardation is discussed.

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Brain systems and long-term memory

Cited by 24 publications

References 264 publications

Bilateral Ablation of Auditory Cortex in Mongolian Gerbil Affects Discrimination of Frequency Modulated Tones but not of Pure Tones

Bilateral Ablation of Auditory Cortex in Mongolian Gerbil Affects Discrimination of Frequency Modulated Tones but not of Pure Tones

Detour problem-solving behavior in rats with early lesions to the “general learning system”

Specific brain lesions producing nonspecific (generalized) learning impairments in weanling rats

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