Brain-to-BAT - and Back?: Crosstalk between the Central Nervous System and Thermogenic Adipose Tissue in Development and Therapy of Obesity

Till, Andreas; Fries, Charlotte; Fenske, Wiebke

doi:10.3390/brainsci12121646

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In BAT, apop-tosis is a continuous process, and conditions like chronic inactivation due to overheating or denervation can lead to decreased activity and abundance of brown adipocytes. There is evidence that suggests that obesity and aging are associated with functional decline and adaptive thermogenic impairment in human BAT [97]. BAT releases various factors under different stimuli [98].…”

Section: Activation Of Brown Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity of Adipose Tissues: Interconversion among White, Brown, and Beige Fat and Its Role in Energy Homeostasis

Peng,

Zhao,

et al. 2024

Biomolecules

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Obesity, characterized by the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, has emerged as a major public health concern worldwide. To develop effective strategies for treating obesity, it is essential to comprehend the biological properties of different adipose tissue types and their respective roles in maintaining energy balance. Adipose tissue serves as a crucial organ for energy storage and metabolism in the human body, with functions extending beyond simple fat storage to encompass the regulation of energy homeostasis and the secretion of endocrine factors. This review provides an overview of the key characteristics, functional differences, and interconversion processes among white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and beige adipose tissue. Moreover, it delves into the molecular mechanisms and recent research advancements concerning the browning of WAT, activation of BAT, and whitening of BAT. Although targeting adipose tissue metabolism holds promise as a potential approach for obesity treatment, further investigations are necessary to unravel the intricate biological features of various adipose tissue types and elucidate the molecular pathways governing their interconversion. Such research endeavors will pave the way for the development of more efficient and targeted therapeutic interventions in the fight against obesity.

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Section: Activation Of Brown Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity of Adipose Tissues: Interconversion among White, Brown, and Beige Fat and Its Role in Energy Homeostasis

Peng,

Zhao,

et al. 2024

Biomolecules

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“…Fat cells (adipocytes) in BAT contain a high density of mitochondria with a specific protein, called uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which uncouples oxidation from ATP synthesis and converts glucose and fat acids into heat (Chen et al, 2022). BAT is under neuronal, hormonal and immune control (Rui, 2017;Sentis et al, 2021;Till et al, 2022). Furthermore, nutritive aspects can modulate its function.…”

Section: Physiology Of Human Batmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diverse crosstalks between BAT, brain and other organs have been described (Contreras et al, 2015;Moreno-Navarrete and Fernandez-Real, 2019;Qing et al, 2020;Ortiz-Alvarez et al, 2022;Till et al, 2022).…”

Section: Crosstalk Between Bat Brain and Periphery Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it is involved in metabolic homeostasis, regulating body weight, glucose and lipid metabolism (Rui, 2017;Sustarsic et al, 2018). In addition, recent research has shown that BAT act as an endocrine organ and interacts with the central nervous system (Villarroya et al, 2017;Martins et al, 2022;Till et al, 2022). BAT is also involved in circadian system (Yang et al, 2011;Meng et al, 2023), and its overactivation might contribute to the manifestation of mood disorders (Partonen, 2015), be a potential endophenotype of depression (Partonen, 2013) and contribute to a higher suicide risk (Holopainen et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential links between brown adipose tissue, circadian dysregulation, and suicide risk

2023

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Circadian desynchronizations are associated with psychiatric disorders as well as with higher suicidal risk. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is important in the regulation of body temperature and contributes to the homeostasis of the metabolic, cardiovascular, skeletal muscle or central nervous system. BAT is under neuronal, hormonal and immune control and secrets batokines: i.e., autocrine, paracrine and endocrine active substances. Moreover, BAT is involved in circadian system. Light, ambient temperature as well as exogen substances interact with BAT. Thus, a dysregulation of BAT can indirectly worsen psychiatric conditions and the risk of suicide, as one of previously suggested explanations for the seasonality of suicide rate. Furthermore, overactivation of BAT is associated with lower body weight and lower level of blood lipids. Reduced body mass index (BMI) or decrease in BMI respectively, as well as lower triglyceride concentrations were found to correlate with higher risk of suicide, however the findings are inconclusive. Hyperactivation or dysregulation of BAT in relation to the circadian system as a possible common factor is discussed. Interestingly, substances with proven efficacy in reducing suicidal risk, like clozapine or lithium, interact with BAT. The effects of clozapine on fat tissue are stronger and might differ qualitatively from other antipsychotics; however, the significance remains unclear. We suggest that BAT is involved in the brain/environment homeostasis and deserves attention from a psychiatric point of view. Better understanding of circadian disruptions and its mechanisms can contribute to personalized diagnostic and therapy as well as better assessment of suicide risk.

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“…By acting on brown adipocytes through β 3 -adrenergic receptors, noradrenaline stimulates the mitochondriogenesis and synthesis of UCP1 [19]. In addition to neuronal mechanisms, BAT functions are regulated by metabolic hormones and various paracrine/autocrine factors [13,17,[20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constitutive Serotonin Tone as a Modulator of Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis: A Rat Study

Kesić

Baković

Farkaš

et al. 2023

Life

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Brown adipose tissue (BAT), an important regulator of thermogenic and metabolic processes, is considered a promising target to combat metabolic disorders. The neurotransmitter and hormone serotonin (5HT) is a major modulator of energy homeostasis, with its central and peripheral pools acting in opposing ways. To better understand how individual variations in 5HT homeostasis influence the thermogenic functionality of BAT, we used a rat model consisting of two sublines with constitutively increased (high-5HT) or decreased (low-5HT) whole-body 5HT tone, developed by selective breeding for platelet 5HT parameters. We have shown that animals with constitutively low 5HT activity maintained at a standard housing temperature (22 °C) have greater interscapular BAT (iBAT) mass and higher iBAT metabolic activity (as evidenced by measurements of iBAT temperature and glucose uptake), accompanied by increased iBAT mRNA expression of key thermogenic genes, compared to animals with high 5HT tone. In response to further thermogenic challenges—intermittent cold exposure or treatment with a β3-adrenergic agonist—5HT sublines show several functional and molecular differences linking constitutively low endogenous 5HT tone to higher BAT activity/capacity. Overall, the results support a role of 5-HT in the control of BAT thermogenesis They also suggest that individuals with lower 5HT activity may be more sensitive to β3-adrenergic drugs.

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Brain-to-BAT - and Back?: Crosstalk between the Central Nervous System and Thermogenic Adipose Tissue in Development and Therapy of Obesity

Cited by 7 publications

References 106 publications

Plasticity of Adipose Tissues: Interconversion among White, Brown, and Beige Fat and Its Role in Energy Homeostasis

Plasticity of Adipose Tissues: Interconversion among White, Brown, and Beige Fat and Its Role in Energy Homeostasis

Potential links between brown adipose tissue, circadian dysregulation, and suicide risk

Constitutive Serotonin Tone as a Modulator of Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis: A Rat Study

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