Brain volume changes over the first year of treatment in schizophrenia: relationships to antipsychotic treatment

Emsley, Robin; Asmal, Laila; Plessis, Stéfan du; Chiliza, Bonginkosi; Phahladira, Lebogang; Kilian, Sanja

doi:10.1017/s0033291717000642

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Numerous studies have found that changes in brain imaging occurred at an early stage in schizophrenia, while structural and functional abnormalities in brain regions caused by grey and white matter volume reductions and anomalous connections, became more prominent with the progression of the condition. But Emsley et al argued that the brain volume reductions are not directly associated with antipsychotic treatment during the first year of medication, and decrease in brain volume may have more to do with neurotoxicity of drugs than with the therapeutic effect (64). However, due to the differences in research facilities and measuring methods, conclusions are still controversial because abnormal brain regions in various studies do not completely overlap.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Theme Trends and Knowledge Structure of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Schizophrenia: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2004 to 2018

Duan

Zhu

2020

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology has been widely used to quantitatively analyze brain structure, morphology, and functional activities, as well as to clarify the neuropathological and neurobiological mechanisms of schizophrenia. However, although there have been many relevant results and conclusions, there has been no systematic assessment of this field.Aim: To analyze important areas of research utilizing MRI in studies of schizophrenia and explore major trends and the knowledge structure using bibliometric analysis.Methods: Literature related to MRI studies of schizophrenia published in PubMed between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2018 were retrieved in 5-year increments. The extracted major Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms/MeSH subheadings were analyzed quantitatively. Bi-clu-stering analysis, social network analysis (SNA), and strategic diagrams were employed to analyze the word matrix and co-occurrence matrix of high-frequency MeSH terms.Results: For the periods of the number of relevant retrieved publications were 916, 1,344, and 1,512 respectively, showing an overall growth trend. 26, 34, and 36 high-frequency major MeSH terms/MeSH subheadings were extracted in each period, respectively. In line with strategic diagrams, the main undeveloped theme clusters in 2004-2008 were effects of antipsychotics on brain structure and their curative efficacy. These themes were replaced in 2009-2013 by physiopathology mechanisms of schizophrenia, etiology of cognitive disorder, research on default mode network and schizophrenic psychology, and were partially replaced in 2014-2018 by studies of differences in the neurobiological basis for schizophrenia and other mental disorders. Based on SNA, nerve net/physiopathology and psychotic disorder/pathology were considered the emerging hotspots of research in Conclusions: MRI studies on schizophrenia were relatively diverse, but the theme clusters derived from each period may reflect the publication trends to some extent. Bibliometric research over a 15-year period may be helpful in depicting the overall scope of research interest and may generate novel ideas for researchers initiating new projects. Duan and ZhuMapping MRI Studies of Schizophrenia Frontiers in Psychiatry | www.frontiersin.org

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Theme Trends and Knowledge Structure of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Schizophrenia: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2004 to 2018

Duan

Zhu

2020

Front. Psychiatry

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“…A meta‐analysis revealed greater cortical gray matter decrease with higher daily antipsychotic intake in patients treated with first‐generation antipsychotic drugs ( Z , –2.31, P = 0.02) and less cortical gray matter decrease with higher daily antipsychotic intake in patients treated with second‐generation antipsychotics ( Z , 0.78, P = 0.439); the doses were calculated by chlorpromazine equivalent ranging from 160 to 415 mg/day . Other studies have shown that antipsychotic drugs induced a trend of cortical gray matter volume reduction ( P = 0.052); however, no differences were found in cortical gray matters between the first and second generations of antipsychotic drug treatment including haloperidol (3–9 mg/day), risperidone (3–6 mg/day), and olanzapine (5–20 mg/day) after a 1‐year trial; these were considered to be relatively low doses of treatment . An animal study has shown that macaque monkeys treated with haloperidol and olanzapine for 17–27 months showed a decrease in brain weight of 8–11% and these reductions were across a number of brain areas including the frontal, temporal, parietal, and cerebellum .…”

Section: The Effects Of Antipsychotic Drugs On Neuritesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of antipsychotic drugs on neurites relevant to schizophrenia treatment

Huang

Song

2018

Medicinal Research Reviews

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Although antipsychotic drugs are mainly used for treating schizophrenia, they are widely used for treating various psychiatric diseases in adults, the elderly, adolescents and even children. Today, about 1.2% of the worldwide population suffers from psychosis and related disorders, which translates to about 7.5 million subjects potentially targeted by antipsychotic drugs. Neurites project from the cell body of neurons and connect neurons to each other to form neural networks. Deficits in neurite outgrowth and integrity are implicated in psychiatric diseases including schizophrenia. Neurite deficits contribute to altered brain development, neural networking and connectivity as well as symptoms including psychosis and altered cognitive function. This review revealed that (1) antipsychotic drugs could have profound effects on neurites, synaptic spines and synapse, by which they may influence and regulate neural networking and plasticity; (2) antipsychotic drugs target not only neurotransmitter receptors but also intracellular signaling molecules regulating the signaling pathways responsible for neurite outgrowth and maintenance; (3) high doses and chronic administration of antipsychotic drugs may cause some loss of neurites, synaptic spines, or synapsis in the cortical structures. In addition, confounding effects causing neurite deficits may include elevated inflammatory cytokines and antipsychotic drug-induced metabolic side effects in patients on chronic antipsychotic therapy. Unraveling how antipsychotic drugs affect neurites and neural connectivity is essential for improving therapeutic outcomes and preventing aversive effects for patients on antipsychotic drug treatment.

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“…A voxel-wise volume study on first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia found a significant GMV increase in the right putamen after 6 weeks of antipsychotic treatment, and this increase was associated with an improvement in positive symptoms [ 18 ]. However, in a very recent study, although cortical volume reductions occurred in drug-naive patients during their first year of treatment, they showed no significant association with changes in the symptoms, treatment-related side-effects, age, gender, and duration of untreated psychosis [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive Grey Matter Volume Changes in Patients with Schizophrenia over 6 Weeks of Antipsychotic Treatment and Their Relationship to Clinical Improvement

Zhang

Liao

et al. 2018

Neurosci. Bull.

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Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have identified widespread and progressive grey matter volume (GMV) reductions in schizophrenia, especially in the frontal lobe. In this study, we found a progressive GMV decrease in the rostral medial frontal cortex (rMFC, including the anterior cingulate cortex) in the patient group during a 6-week follow-up of 40 patients with schizophrenia and 31 healthy controls well-matched for age, gender, and education. The higher baseline GMV in the rMFC predicted better improvement in the positive score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and this might be related to the improved reality-monitoring. Besides, a higher baseline GMV in the posterior rMFC predicted better remission of general symptoms, and a lesser GMV reduction in this region was correlated with better remission of negative symptoms, probably associated with ameliorated self-referential processing and social cognition. Besides, a shorter disease course and higher educational level contributed to better improvement in the general psychopathological PANSS score, and a family history was negatively associated with improvement of the negative and total PANSS scores. These phenomena might be important for understanding the neuropathological mechanisms underlying the symptoms of schizophrenia and for making clinical decisions.

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Brain volume changes over the first year of treatment in schizophrenia: relationships to antipsychotic treatment

Cited by 35 publications

References 44 publications

Mapping Theme Trends and Knowledge Structure of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Schizophrenia: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2004 to 2018

Mapping Theme Trends and Knowledge Structure of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Schizophrenia: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2004 to 2018

Effects of antipsychotic drugs on neurites relevant to schizophrenia treatment

Progressive Grey Matter Volume Changes in Patients with Schizophrenia over 6 Weeks of Antipsychotic Treatment and Their Relationship to Clinical Improvement

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