Brain

Wykle, Robert L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2832-2_10

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 277 publications

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“…Certain limitations can now be placed on possible roles for scp73 in fatty acid metabolism. Fatty acids do not readily pass the blood-brain barrier, accounting for the low levels of linoleic acid in brain compared with liver (Table 21, and the mammalian brain synthesizes most of its fatty acids for phospholipid and glycolipid biosynthesis (Wykle, 1977). In contrast, mammalian liver is active in both anabolic and catabolic fatty acid metabolism involving both plasma-derived and endogenously synthesized fatty acids (Van Golde and Van den Bergh, 1977).…”

Section: Assay For Binding Of Exogenous Fatty Acids To Scp73mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our approach was to analyze fatty acids noncovalently bound to scp73 purified from nonheat-stressed rat brain tissue. Brain tissue was chosen because Currie and White (1983) have shown that scp73 is one of the most abundant proteins in normal rat brain and because fatty acid metabolism in mammalian brain tissue is distinctly different from that of liver Wan Golde and Van den Bergh, 1977;Wykle, 1977). Consequently, the compositions of nonesterified fatty acids (nefa) are different in liver and brain, providing a strong test for the specificity of fatty acid binding to scp73.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The 73 kilodalton heat shock cognate protein purified from rat brain contains nonesterified palmitic and stearic acids

Guidon

Hightower

1986

Journal Cellular Physiology

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A protein related to the 71 kilodalton inducible rat heat shock protein was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity in milligram amounts from brain tissue of nonheat-stressed rats. The protein has been designated as a stress cognate protein based on previous studies and data presented herein that this protein cross-reacted with a monoclonal antibody originally raised against the Drosophila 70 kilodalton heat shock protein. The purified protein had an apparent molecular mass of 73 kilodaltons when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and an apparent mass of 150 kilodaltons as determined by nondissociative gel chromatography, suggesting that the purified protein is a homodimer. The purified protein had isoelectric points of 5.0 under nondissociative conditions and 5.6 when exposed to protein denaturants, suggesting loss of bound anionic molecules and/or net exposure of basic residues upon denaturation. Chloroform/methanol extraction of the purified protein and subsequent analyses by thin layer and gas-liquid chromatography resulted in the identification of palmitic and stearic acids noncovalently bound to the protein. Approximately four molecules of fatty acids were bound per dimer with palmitic and stearic acids present in a one-to-one ratio. The purified protein did not bind exogenously added radioactive palmitate, indicating that the fatty acid-binding sites of the cognate protein were fully occupied and that the associated fatty acids were too tightly bound to exchange readily. The possible significance of the fatty acids associated with the 73 kilodalton stress cognate protein is discussed.

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Section: Assay For Binding Of Exogenous Fatty Acids To Scp73mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The 73 kilodalton heat shock cognate protein purified from rat brain contains nonesterified palmitic and stearic acids

Guidon

Hightower

1986

Journal Cellular Physiology

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“…Esterified fatty acids (FAs) comprise a large fraction of the total dry weight of mammalian brain and must be available continuously to maintain the integrity of brain cell membranes Wykle, 1977;Horrocks, 1985). Nonessential FAs can be synthesized in situ, and both essential and nonessential FAs can be drawn from the blood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Plasma Fatty Acid in Rat Brain: Distribution of [¹⁴C]Palmitate Between Oxidative and Synthetic Pathways

Miller

Gnaedinger

Rapoport

1987

Journal of Neurochemistry

101

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Radioactivity within individual brain compartments was determined from 5 min to 44 h after intravenous injection of [14C]palmitate into awake Fischer-344 rats, aged 21 days or 3 months. Total radioactivity peaked broadly between 15 min and 1 h after injection, declined rapidly between 1 and 2 h, and then more slowly. In 3-month-old rats, the lipid and protein brain fractions were maximally labeled within 15 min after [14C]palmitate injection, then retained approximately constant label for up to 2 days. Radioactivity in the aqueous brain fraction comprised mainly radioactive glutamate and glutamine, and peaked at 45 min, when it comprised 48% of total brain radioactivity, then decreased to 27% of the total at 4 h, 15% at 20 h, and 10% at 44 h. Percent distribution of radioactivity within the different brain compartments, 4 h after intravenous injection of [14C]palmitate, was similar in 21-day-old and 3-month-old rats, despite higher net brain uptake in the younger animals. The results indicate that about 50% of plasma [14C]palmitate that enters the brain of adult rats is incorporated rapidly into stable protein and lipid compartments. The remaining [14C]palmitate enters the aqueous fraction after beta-oxidation, and is slowly lost. At 4 h after injection, 73% of brain radioactivity is within the stable brain compartments; this fraction increases to 86% by 20 h.

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“…The product is then rapidly acylated (commonly with arachidonate) by acyltransferase. 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-glycerophosphocholine is stored but available for reconversion to PAF by the deacylatiorgacetylation pathway during cell stimulation (10)(11)(12). Minor pathways of PAF degradation {e.g., cleavage at sn- 3) have also been reported (21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Paf Biosynthesis Metabolism and Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactions of 5-Hydroxyicosatetraenoate and its Interaction with Platelet-Activating Factor

Rossi¹,

O’Flaherty²

1992

Platelet-Activating Factor and Structurally Related Alkyl Ehter Lipids

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In a variety of stimulated cells, platelet-activating fa~ tor (PAF} and numerous arachidonate derivatives are coproducts that form as a consequence of recepto~mediated phospholipid mobilization. These lipid co-products produce a plethora of biological effects in a wide variety of cell systems. Furthermore, they often have a fascinating, although less widely appreciated, interaction. 5-HETE, at submicromolar concentrations, exerts relatively few direct bioactions. It does, however, potently (16-160 nM) raise cytosolic free calcium [Ca2+]i and augment PAFinduced responses in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils {PMN) by as much as 10~ to 100~fold. 5-HETE acts on PMN by a structurally specific, stereospecific and pertussis toxin-inhibitable mechanism. In addition, PMN exposed to 5-HETE eYhlbit homologous but not heterologous desensitization. These findings suggest that 5-HETE, like PAF, may bind to its own specific plasmalemmal receptors to exert its unique set of bioactions. However, further investigation is required to demonstrate any putative 5-HETE receptors. Other potential mechanisms of 5-HETE-induced bioactions together with the possible effects of 5-HETE on PAF transduction mechanisms are also discussed.

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Brain

Cited by 15 publications

References 277 publications

The 73 kilodalton heat shock cognate protein purified from rat brain contains nonesterified palmitic and stearic acids

The 73 kilodalton heat shock cognate protein purified from rat brain contains nonesterified palmitic and stearic acids

Utilization of Plasma Fatty Acid in Rat Brain: Distribution of [¹⁴C]Palmitate Between Oxidative and Synthetic Pathways

Bioactions of 5-Hydroxyicosatetraenoate and its Interaction with Platelet-Activating Factor

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Brain

Cited by 15 publications

References 277 publications

The 73 kilodalton heat shock cognate protein purified from rat brain contains nonesterified palmitic and stearic acids

The 73 kilodalton heat shock cognate protein purified from rat brain contains nonesterified palmitic and stearic acids

Utilization of Plasma Fatty Acid in Rat Brain: Distribution of [14C]Palmitate Between Oxidative and Synthetic Pathways

Bioactions of 5-Hydroxyicosatetraenoate and its Interaction with Platelet-Activating Factor

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Utilization of Plasma Fatty Acid in Rat Brain: Distribution of [¹⁴C]Palmitate Between Oxidative and Synthetic Pathways