Brains of Hawaiian Tropical Fishes; Brain Size and Evolution

Bauchot, Roland; Bauchot, Marie-Louise; Platel, R; Ridet, J

doi:10.2307/1443502

Cited by 57 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In particular, carcharhiniform sharks, especially Sphyrna and Carcharhinus , have the largest brains. Many of these species live in coastal, often coralreef-associated habitats, as do the teleosts with the largest brains [Bauchot et al, 1977[Bauchot et al, , 1989, and it has been previously suggested that the requirements for learning the complex spatial organization of the reef habitat and its myriad of inhabitants might have influenced the evolution of brain size in both teleosts and chondrichthyans [Bauchot et al, 1977;Northcutt, 1978Northcutt, , 1989. Similar relationships between increased relative brain size and habitat complexity have also been reported in mammals [Budeau and Verts, 1986].…”

Section: Encephalizationmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…In contrast, there are large quantitative data sets on brain organization of other vertebrate groups such as teleost fishes, birds, and mammals. Strong correlations have been found between brain patterns and various ecological factors, such as diet and feeding habits in teleosts [Bauchot et al, 1977;Huber and Rylander, 1992;Kotrschal and Palzenberger, 1992;Schellart and Prins, 1993;Huber et al, 1997;Kotrschal et al, 1998] and mammals [Eisenberg and Wilson, 1978;Pirlot and Jolicoeur, 1982;Harvey and Krebs, 1990;Hutcheon et al, 2002], habitat complexity in teleosts [Huber et al, 1997], birds [Riddell and Corl, 1977], and mammals [Barton et al, 1995], and increased sociality and/or cognitive skills in birds [Lefebvre et al, 1998[Lefebvre et al, , 2002 and mammals [Kudo and Dunbar, 2001]. A recent conclusion based on these studies is the recognition of groups of species that share certain common characteristics in the relative development of brain areas; these commonalities are termed 'cerebrotypes' [Clark et al, 2001;Iwaniuk and Hurd, 2005].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Variation in Brain Organization and Cerebellar Foliation in Chondrichthyans: Sharks and Holocephalans

Yopak¹,

Lisney²,

Collin³

et al. 2007

Brain Behav Evol

130

229

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The widespread variation in brain size and complexity that is evident in sharks and holocephalans is related to both phylogeny and ecology. Relative brain size (expressed as encephalization quotients) and the relative development of the five major brain areas (the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, cerebellum, and medulla) was assessed for over 40 species from 20 families that represent a range of different lifestyles and occupy a number of habitats. In addition, an index (1–5) quantifying structural complexity of the cerebellum was created based on length, number, and depth of folds. Although the variation in brain size, morphology, and complexity is due in part to phylogeny, as basal groups have smaller brains, less structural hypertrophy, and lower foliation indices, there is also substantial variation within and across clades that does not reflect phylogenetic relationships. Ecological correlations, with the relative development of different brain areas as well as the complexity of the cerebellar corpus, are supported by cluster analysis and are suggestive of a range of ‘cerebrotypes’. These correlations suggest that relative brain development reflects the dimensionality of the environment and/or agile prey capture in addition to phylogeny.

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Section: Encephalizationmentioning

confidence: 73%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Brain Organization and Cerebellar Foliation in Chondrichthyans: Sharks and Holocephalans

Yopak¹,

Lisney²,

Collin³

et al. 2007

Brain Behav Evol

130

229

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We hypothesize that the demands for higherorder processing of sensory information, as well as cognitive abilities , led to increased telencephalon size in animals from more highly structured habitats, particularly in highly visual animals such as cichlids. Note that Bauchot et al [1977] also found large brains and larger forebrains for mobile reef fishes living within complex reef structures, compared to more sedentary species, although the ecological differences were not quantified.…”

Section: Higher-order Structuresmentioning

confidence: 91%

Environmental Complexity and Social Organization Sculpt the Brain in Lake Tanganyikan Cichlid Fish

et al. 2007

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Complex brains and behaviors have occurred repeatedly within vertebrate classes throughout evolution. What adaptive pressures drive such changes? Both environmental and social features have been implicated in the expansion of select brain structures, particularly the telencephalon. East African cichlid fishes provide a superb opportunity to analyze the social and ecological correlates of neural phenotypes and their evolution. As a result of rapid, recent, and repeated radiations, there are hundreds of closely-related species available for study, with an astonishing diversity in habitat preferences and social behaviors. In this study, we present quantitative ecological, social, and neuroanatomical data for closely-related species from the (monophyletic) Ectodini clade of Lake Tanganyikan cichlid fish. The species differed either in habitat preference or social organization. After accounting for phylogeny with independent contrasts, we find that environmental and social factors differentially affect the brain, with environmental factors showing a broader effect on a range of brain structures compared to social factors. Five out of seven of the brain measures show a relationship with habitat measures. Brain size and cerebellar size are positively correlated with species number (which is correlated with habitat complexity); the medulla and olfactory bulb are negatively correlated with habitat measures. The telencephalon shows a trend toward a positive correlation with rock size. In contrast, only two brain structures, the telencephalon and hypothalamus, are correlated with social factors. Telencephalic size is larger in monogamous species compared to polygamous species, as well as with increased numbers of individuals; monogamy is also associated with smaller hypothalamic size. Our results suggest that selection or drift can act independently on different brain regions as the species diverge into different habitats and social systems.

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“…There are indeed indications of an association between a small brain size and a low predation pressure in fishes [71,72], and a growing body of evidence that hypoxic habitats may serve as a refuge for small fishes from large aquatic predators [73][74][75][76]. For example, in the Lake Victoria basin, swamps serve as both structural and low-oxygen refugia for hypoxia-tolerant fishes from the introduced aquatic predator, the Nile perch (Lates niloticus), a species intolerant of hypoxia [32,43,44,76,77].…”

Section: Canalization Of Brain Size In the Swampmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Plasticity, Genetic Differentiation, and Hypoxia-induced Trade-offs in an African Cichlid Fish

Chapman¹,

Albert²,

Galis³

2008

TOEVOLJ

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Abstract:In this study we explore the possible role of phenotypic plasticity in the process of adaptation and evolutionary change in the African cichlid Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae. Parental fish were collected from a hypoxic swamp, a lake ecotone, and a river in Uganda. Broods (F1) were split and grown under hypoxia or normoxia. We measured morphological parameters of the gill apparatus, structural elements surrounding the gills, brain mass, and body shape. Most traits showed substantial plasticity in response to the rearing environment. Population effects were evident for the gill apparatus, surrounding elements, body shape, and brain size; however, brain size was the only trait to exhibit variation in plasticity among populations; fish of swamp origin showed no plasticity and fish of river and lake origin exhibited smaller brain size under hypoxia. We interpret these patterns as consistent with genetic assimilation via canalization (brain) or via a shift in the norm of reaction (other traits).

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Brains of Hawaiian Tropical Fishes; Brain Size and Evolution

Cited by 57 publications

References 2 publications

Variation in Brain Organization and Cerebellar Foliation in Chondrichthyans: Sharks and Holocephalans

Variation in Brain Organization and Cerebellar Foliation in Chondrichthyans: Sharks and Holocephalans

Environmental Complexity and Social Organization Sculpt the Brain in Lake Tanganyikan Cichlid Fish

Developmental Plasticity, Genetic Differentiation, and Hypoxia-induced Trade-offs in an African Cichlid Fish

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